Test 2

George Grenville 

Quartering Act 

Stamp Tax (major)- any paper goods in the colonies. Playing cards, will, bill of sales, etc; all has to written on a paper from England that has a royal stamp. Without royal stamp, your property could go to the town.  

Boycotting, smuggled everything. Taxation without Representation,  

Virtual Representation, every member of parliament represents every person in the British Empire 

Stamp Tax is repealed within a year, British Gov. Claims it’s because they decided it was unfair 

Declaratory Act 

they repealed the Stamp Tax, but every other law passed will be enforced, they must pay everything 

Charles Townsend 

Chancler of the Exchequer 

Townsend Taxes or Townsend Act 

Taxes on British imports and goods such as: paper, lead, glass, tea 

Boycotting the British imports and goods, except for tea 

Repealed the Townsend taxes, except the one on tea 

Lord North 

Prime minister  

Tea Act of 1773: Gives a monopoly to the British East India Company 

Tells the colony they can only buy from the British East India Company, leads to the  

Boston Tea Patry (major) 

Sons of Liberty 

Samuel Adams 

Gets abt. 40 colonialist together, boards the ships and throws the tea into the Boston harbor 

Lord North passes the Coercive Acts, colonialist call them the Intolerable Acts 

Coercive Acts 

City and port of Boston is closed until the tea is paid for  

If colonialist harms soldiers, they are sent to Britian for trial 

Boston Massacre (sons of liberty) 1776 –bonus on test 

General Thomas Gage 

Married to a new yorker, severs time in Canada, goes to England, tells Britian it is a bad idea  

Lord North places him in Boston  

Gets orders to go to Lexington 

First Continental Congress 

Everyone is invited to meet in Philadelphia 

Lots of lower South doesn’t send reps 

Petition of Grievances  

Sends it to England, they reject it. 

Lexington 

Finds colonialist stock piling weapons 

“Shot heard around the world” -named the first shot fired 

Not a declared war, yet 

They want to get Gage out of Boston, he is traveling from Lexington to Concord, then back to Boston 

Colonialist are killing off many British soldiers as they are marching back to Boston, they are hiding in and behind trees 

Killed abt 275 British soldiers (number is not important for test) 

Battle of Bunker Hill; Battle for Boston 

Colonialist hope that they can defeat the British in Boston and Britian will leave them alone 

“Don’t fire until you see the whites in their eyes”  

Colonialist are defeated, but still confident 

Second Continental Congress 

All 13 colonies are present this time and have to make a plan for Britian 

Draw up a second petition 

Olive Branch Petition  

Truce, negation  

Sends it to King George 3^rd rejects the petition and hangs their leaders 

Colonies are still trying to negotiate  

Starts preparing a standing navy and army 

George Washington  

Chosen to head the Continental Army 

Anti-Federalists

• Wanted the Bill of Rights

• Madison

• Supported poorer/debtor classes

• Didn’t want wealthy to dominate gov

• Criticed gov for not having bor

• States rights activist

• Farmers/landowners

Federalists

• Don’t trust that the majority can make good decisions

• Hamilton

• More wealthy class

• Wanted to dominate new gov

• Didn’t trust democracy 

• Believed that the wealthy and more educated should rule because they didn’t believe that

• Business owners; the rich

9 states agreed to 

• Last state was Rhode Island, nobody 

• They waited on Virginia & New York because they were bigger/more important 

HAVE TO KNOW EVERY ELECTION YEAR!

• First one was 1788, every 4yrs

• They become president the year after the election, HAVE TO KNOW, up to civil war/reconstruction; up to 1872

George Washington was not apart of any political party

• People are telling him he can be King, he refuses, he doesn’t want this nation to have a king. 

• Wins election in 1792, all presidents run for two terms until Franklin D. Roosevelt 

• Important Cabinet members: 

  • Alexander Hamilton, 

    • wanted Washington to be king 

    • old time Federalist

    • Writes a tariff, for revenue for the federal government; Jefferson fights him when he wants to higher it.

    • Has to make sure the U.S. has a good credit rating

    • Creates the first bank of the U.S.

    • Writes an

    •  Excise Tax; a tax on luxury goods

  • Thomas Jefferson, ‘Anti-Federalist’ type, Secretary of State, always wants to be sure there is a balance & that the poorer class was represented fairly

    • Constantly argues with Hamilton; about everything

    • Doesn’t want Hamilton to take the states debts

    • Agrees with the banks, wants a singular currency to move through the states

    • Fights him because of certain aspects that he doesn’t like. E.x., it will start with Federal money and Private investors. 

    • Argues that Private investors are js another way to take money from the poorer class

    • Argues that we can’t have a bank of the U.S. because it doesn’t say we can in the constitution; Hamilton pulls out the Elastic Clause, nowhere does it say we can’t have a bank, so we can.

Judiciary Act of 1789

• John Jay, first Chief Justice

 Excise Tax

• A tax on Whiskey 

• Washington has to run a melicia

• Enforces the tax & they will go to jail if they don’t pay; establishes credibility

Treaty of Greenville

Bill of Rights 

• Added

• NEED TO KNOW: 1st, 9th, & 10th amendments 

• 1st - Freedom of Speech & to Gather

• 9th - Covers all rights that aren’t listed in the previous 8

• 10th - If a power is not clearly given to the Federal Government in the Constitution, that power is reserved to the states

Britain claims victory after the French & Indian war 

• British Taxpayers are upset that we are sending money to the colonies because they are not doing well with money 

France & England are fighting

• France ask for our help

• Washington drafts a statement of neutrality

• American diplomats are required to leave France 

• France cuts off communication 

1796

• John Addams is President

• Thomas Jefferson is Vice President

John Addams re-opens communication w/France & sends reps to talk to them

• El bridge Gerry

• Marshall

• Charles pinckney

• All eyes are on the Federalists because John Addams is a Federalists

• Known as the XYZ affair (we didn’t know the names of the three French men)

• They sit outside for days, waiting to see the Prime Minister. Told they have to pay to talk to them and loan them thousands of dollars

• XYZ Affair leads directly to an undeclared naval war between the U.S. & France

• John Addams starts preparing for war

  • Starts appropriating money

  • Draws up Alien + Sedition Acts

    • Naturalization Act - takes 12yrs for an immigrant to become a naturalized citizen

    • Sedition Act - any dangerous person can be jailed and/or fined

      • Thomas Jefferson & James Maddison

        • Virginia Kentucky Resolutions - a state can void a federal law within that state's walls 

• Convention of 1800

  • Treaty of 1800

  • France sends reps to us 

Aaron Burr & Thomas Jefferson running for president

• Burr & Jefferson tie

• House of Representatives elects Thomas Jefferson as President in 1800

Judiciary Act of 1801

• John Marshall is Chief Justice for abt 34yrs

Thomas Jefferson's presidency marked a significant shift in American politics, emphasizing a more agrarian society and reducing the federal government's power

• Albert Gallatin

  • Secretary of Treasury

  • Cuts debt in half

• James Maddison

  • Secretary of State

Sugar island

• Santo Domingo

  • A key location in the Caribbean, known for its strategic importance during colonial times.

  • Successfully rebel against France

Louisiana Purchase: A significant land acquisition by the United States from France in 1803, which doubled the size of the nation and facilitated westward expansion.

• France needs money fast for an army and sells Louisiana to us cheap for 15mil

• Lewis & Clark : The explorers commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson to map the newly acquired territory and find a route to the Pacific Ocean.

Thomas runs in 1804 and becomes President, Burr is no longer Vice President