Anatomy Flashcards

Page 1: Components of the Vertebral Structure

• Transverse Process:

  • A prominent or projecting part of an organism or organic structure.

• Superior Articular Process:

  • Articulates with adjacent vertebra.

• Inferior Articular Process:

  • Works similarly to the superior articular process.

• Mamillary Process:

  • A small projection on the back part of a vertebra.

• Accessory Process:

  • A small projection on the transverse process.

Page 2: Spinous Process Definition

• Spinous Process/Spine:

  • A bony process of a vertebra that projects posteriorly from the neural arch at the junction of two laminae.

  • Provides attachment for muscles related to flexion, extension, rotation, and stability of the spinal column.

Page 3: Alveolar Process Definition

• Alveolar Process:

  • The bony ridge or thickened border of the upper jaw that contains the sockets of the teeth.

Page 4: Notable Processes in the Arm

• Trochlear Notch:

  • The part of the ulna that articulates with the humerus.

• Head:

  • The top part of a bone.

• Radial Tuberosity:

  • A bony prominence on the radius for muscle attachment.

• Olecranon Process:

  • The bony prominence of the elbow formed by the ulna.

• Coronoid Process:

  • A process on the ulna forming part of the elbow joint.

• Radial Notch:

  • A depression in the ulna that articulates with the head of the radius.

• Ulnar Tuberosity:

  • Located on the ulna, this serves for muscle attachment.

• Interosseous Borders:

  • The borders of the radius and ulna allowing for stability and movement between them.

• Styloid Process:

  • A pointed piece of bone that provides attachment for tendons and ligaments.

Page 5: Articulation Definition

• Articulation:

  • A location where two or more bones meet, also known as a joint.

Page 6: Condyle and Its Features

• Condyle:

  • An articular prominence of a bone aiding in joint formation.

• Lateral Epicondyle:

  • The outer bony prominence just above the lateral condyle of the humerus.

• Adductor Tubercle:

  • A small bony prominence on the femur serving as muscle attachment.

• Medial Epicondyle:

  • The inner protrusion above the medial condyle of the humerus.

• Lateral Condyle:

  • The outer part of the lower femur, articulating with the tibia.

• Medial Condyle:

  • The inner part of the lower femur, also articulating with the tibia.

Page 7: Head of a Bone

• Head:

  • A smooth part of the bone covered with cartilage for joint movement, as exemplified by the femur.

Page 8: Neck of a Bone

• Neck:

  • The area connecting the head of the bone to the shaft, typically seen in long bones like the femur and humerus.

Page 9: Overview of Long Bone Parts

• Shaft/Diaphysis:

  • The main portion of a long bone providing most of the bone's length.

• Epiphysis:

  • The end part of a long bone, attached to the shaft.

Page 10: Facet Definition

• Facet:

  • A small, smooth, flat articular surface where a joint forms.

Page 11: Depressed Areas of Bone (Fossa)

• Fossa:

  • A depressed area of a bone, typically long and shallow.

  • Types include:

    • Anterior Cranial Fossa

    • Posterior Cranial Fossa

    • Middle Cranial Fossa

Page 12: Definition of a Sulcus

• Sulcus:

  • A groove or furrow on the surface of a bone, involved in the passage of nerves and blood vessels.

Page 13: Fontanelle Definition

• Fontanelle:

  • A membrane-covered gap between the skull of an infant or fetus, allowing for growth and development.

Page 14: Suture Definition

• Suture:

  • A joint between two or more bones that are held together by fibrous tissue.

Page 15: Foramen Definition

• Foramen:

  • A rounded opening or hole through a bone that serves as a passageway for blood vessels and nerves.

• Plural: Foramina

Page 16: Ligament Definition

• Ligament:

  • A dense band of connective tissue fibers that connects one bone to another.

Page 17: Tendon Definition

• Tendon:

  • A collagenous band connecting skeletal muscle to an element of the skeleton.

Page 18: Aponeurosis Definition

• Aponeurosis:

  • A flat layer of connective tissue linking muscles to muscles, bones, and cartilage, providing strength and stability.

Page 19: Muscle Action Definitions

• Muscle Action:

  • Includes tightening and loosening, described as contraction and relaxation.

Page 20: Muscle Attachment Definitions

• Origin:

  • A point of attachment of a muscle where movement is minimal.

• Insertion:

  • The end of a muscle that is more movable during contraction.

Page 21: Definition of Origin in Skeletal Muscles

• Origin:

  • The stable attachment point of skeletal muscle that does not change position when the muscle contracts.

Page 22: Agonist/Prime Mover Definition

• Agonist/Prime Mover:

  • The muscle providing the primary force driving an action.

Page 23: Antagonist Definition

• Antagonist:

  • A muscle that opposes the action of another muscle.

Page 24: Synergist Definition

• Synergist:

  • A muscle that assists a prime mover in performing its primary action.

Page 25: Synovial Joint Definition

• Synovial Joint:

  • A joint that is freely movable, with opposing bone surfaces separated by synovial fluid.

Page 26: Extension Definition

• Extension:

  • Movement that increases the angle of a joint, straightening it.

Page 27: Flexion Definition

• Flexion:

  • A movement that decreases the angle of a joint.

Page 28: Hyperextension Definition

• Hyperextension:

  • Extension of a body part past the anatomical position.

Page 29: Circumduction Definition

• Circumduction:

  • A circular movement of a limb or body part that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction motions.

Page 30: Abduction Definition

• Abduction:

  • Movement away from the longitudinal axis (midline) of the body in the frontal plane.

Page 31: Adduction Definition

• Adduction:

  • Movement toward the midline of the body.

Page 32: Lateral Rotation Definition

• Lateral Rotation:

  • A rotating movement away from the midline of the body.

Page 33: Medial Rotation Definition

• Medial Rotation:

  • A rotational movement towards the midline, sometimes referred to as internal rotation.

Page 34: Elevation Definition

• Elevation:

  • Upward movement of a body part.

Page 35: Depression Definition

• Depression:

  • Downward movement of a body part.

Page 36: Supination Definition

• Supination:

  • To turn the forearm, bringing the palms upwards; resembles lying backward.

Page 37: Pronation Definition

• Pronation:

  • To rotate the forearm, bringing the palm downwards; resembles bending forward.

Page 38: Dorsiflexion Definition

• Dorsiflexion:

  • Flexion of the foot in an upward direction at the ankle joint.

Page 39: Plantar Flexion Definition

• Plantar Flexion:

  • Downward movement of the toes toward the sole of the foot.

Page 40: Inversion Definition

• Inversion:

  • Movement of the foot where the sole is moved inward toward the midline of the body.

Page 41: Eversion Definition

• Eversion:

  • Movement of the foot where the sole faces laterally, turning away from the midline.