Anatomy Flashcards
Page 1: Components of the Vertebral Structure
Transverse Process:
A prominent or projecting part of an organism or organic structure.
Superior Articular Process:
Articulates with adjacent vertebra.
Inferior Articular Process:
Works similarly to the superior articular process.
Mamillary Process:
A small projection on the back part of a vertebra.
Accessory Process:
A small projection on the transverse process.
Page 2: Spinous Process Definition
Spinous Process/Spine:
A bony process of a vertebra that projects posteriorly from the neural arch at the junction of two laminae.
Provides attachment for muscles related to flexion, extension, rotation, and stability of the spinal column.
Page 3: Alveolar Process Definition
Alveolar Process:
The bony ridge or thickened border of the upper jaw that contains the sockets of the teeth.
Page 4: Notable Processes in the Arm
Trochlear Notch:
The part of the ulna that articulates with the humerus.
Head:
The top part of a bone.
Radial Tuberosity:
A bony prominence on the radius for muscle attachment.
Olecranon Process:
The bony prominence of the elbow formed by the ulna.
Coronoid Process:
A process on the ulna forming part of the elbow joint.
Radial Notch:
A depression in the ulna that articulates with the head of the radius.
Ulnar Tuberosity:
Located on the ulna, this serves for muscle attachment.
Interosseous Borders:
The borders of the radius and ulna allowing for stability and movement between them.
Styloid Process:
A pointed piece of bone that provides attachment for tendons and ligaments.
Page 5: Articulation Definition
Articulation:
A location where two or more bones meet, also known as a joint.
Page 6: Condyle and Its Features
Condyle:
An articular prominence of a bone aiding in joint formation.
Lateral Epicondyle:
The outer bony prominence just above the lateral condyle of the humerus.
Adductor Tubercle:
A small bony prominence on the femur serving as muscle attachment.
Medial Epicondyle:
The inner protrusion above the medial condyle of the humerus.
Lateral Condyle:
The outer part of the lower femur, articulating with the tibia.
Medial Condyle:
The inner part of the lower femur, also articulating with the tibia.
Page 7: Head of a Bone
Head:
A smooth part of the bone covered with cartilage for joint movement, as exemplified by the femur.
Page 8: Neck of a Bone
Neck:
The area connecting the head of the bone to the shaft, typically seen in long bones like the femur and humerus.
Page 9: Overview of Long Bone Parts
Shaft/Diaphysis:
The main portion of a long bone providing most of the bone's length.
Epiphysis:
The end part of a long bone, attached to the shaft.
Page 10: Facet Definition
Facet:
A small, smooth, flat articular surface where a joint forms.
Page 11: Depressed Areas of Bone (Fossa)
Fossa:
A depressed area of a bone, typically long and shallow.
Types include:
Anterior Cranial Fossa
Posterior Cranial Fossa
Middle Cranial Fossa
Page 12: Definition of a Sulcus
Sulcus:
A groove or furrow on the surface of a bone, involved in the passage of nerves and blood vessels.
Page 13: Fontanelle Definition
Fontanelle:
A membrane-covered gap between the skull of an infant or fetus, allowing for growth and development.
Page 14: Suture Definition
Suture:
A joint between two or more bones that are held together by fibrous tissue.
Page 15: Foramen Definition
Foramen:
A rounded opening or hole through a bone that serves as a passageway for blood vessels and nerves.
Plural: Foramina
Page 16: Ligament Definition
Ligament:
A dense band of connective tissue fibers that connects one bone to another.
Page 17: Tendon Definition
Tendon:
A collagenous band connecting skeletal muscle to an element of the skeleton.
Page 18: Aponeurosis Definition
Aponeurosis:
A flat layer of connective tissue linking muscles to muscles, bones, and cartilage, providing strength and stability.
Page 19: Muscle Action Definitions
Muscle Action:
Includes tightening and loosening, described as contraction and relaxation.
Page 20: Muscle Attachment Definitions
Origin:
A point of attachment of a muscle where movement is minimal.
Insertion:
The end of a muscle that is more movable during contraction.
Page 21: Definition of Origin in Skeletal Muscles
Origin:
The stable attachment point of skeletal muscle that does not change position when the muscle contracts.
Page 22: Agonist/Prime Mover Definition
Agonist/Prime Mover:
The muscle providing the primary force driving an action.
Page 23: Antagonist Definition
Antagonist:
A muscle that opposes the action of another muscle.
Page 24: Synergist Definition
Synergist:
A muscle that assists a prime mover in performing its primary action.
Page 25: Synovial Joint Definition
Synovial Joint:
A joint that is freely movable, with opposing bone surfaces separated by synovial fluid.
Page 26: Extension Definition
Extension:
Movement that increases the angle of a joint, straightening it.
Page 27: Flexion Definition
Flexion:
A movement that decreases the angle of a joint.
Page 28: Hyperextension Definition
Hyperextension:
Extension of a body part past the anatomical position.
Page 29: Circumduction Definition
Circumduction:
A circular movement of a limb or body part that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction motions.
Page 30: Abduction Definition
Abduction:
Movement away from the longitudinal axis (midline) of the body in the frontal plane.
Page 31: Adduction Definition
Adduction:
Movement toward the midline of the body.
Page 32: Lateral Rotation Definition
Lateral Rotation:
A rotating movement away from the midline of the body.
Page 33: Medial Rotation Definition
Medial Rotation:
A rotational movement towards the midline, sometimes referred to as internal rotation.
Page 34: Elevation Definition
Elevation:
Upward movement of a body part.
Page 35: Depression Definition
Depression:
Downward movement of a body part.
Page 36: Supination Definition
Supination:
To turn the forearm, bringing the palms upwards; resembles lying backward.
Page 37: Pronation Definition
Pronation:
To rotate the forearm, bringing the palm downwards; resembles bending forward.
Page 38: Dorsiflexion Definition
Dorsiflexion:
Flexion of the foot in an upward direction at the ankle joint.
Page 39: Plantar Flexion Definition
Plantar Flexion:
Downward movement of the toes toward the sole of the foot.
Page 40: Inversion Definition
Inversion:
Movement of the foot where the sole is moved inward toward the midline of the body.
Page 41: Eversion Definition
Eversion:
Movement of the foot where the sole faces laterally, turning away from the midline.