Unit 1 Study Guide - AP Government Directions: Complete the study guide by typing all relevant information about each of the key terms below. Please reference Unit 1 notes, documents and assignments. Impeachment Process: The Senate holds the impeachment trial, it requires a 2/3 vote to remove the president (or federal judge) from office Social Contract Theory: People create a government to protect rights of the people Types of Democracies - Participatory: A form of democracy in which citizens participate directly in decisions and policies that affects their lives - Pluralist: Emphasizes the role of groups in policy making, competition prevents majority protecting minority - Elitist: Emphasizes limited participation in politics and civil society, dominated by wealthy and those with high status Federalist 10 : the larger the sphere of government/republic the harder it is from people to unite under a common goal; no majority if all are minorities Federalist 51: Separation of powers and checks and balances limit governmental power, Brutus 1: Emphasized the benefits of a small, decentralized republic Federalist/Anti-Federalist Debate: federalists:Supported the new Constitution & a strong central government Anti-federalist: Anti-federalists opposed the new Constitution & believed in States’ Rights Unit 1 Study Guide - AP Government Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation: 1 branch, no way to enforce laws, no power to tax, 9/13 states to make laws, unanimous votes for amendments, no way to support military Shaye’s Rebellion: daniel shays led a revolt of indebted farmers attacking courts that were foreclosing on their farms Amendment proposal and ratification process (1.4 / 1.5 Notes Slide 29): 2/3 vote in both Houses of Congress to propose & ¾ of state legislatures ratify 2/3 of the states request a national convention to propose & ¾ of state conventions ratify Virginia Plan / New Jersey Plan / Great Compromise: -virginia plan: 3 branches, bicameral, both houses based on population -new jersey plan: 3 branches and power to tax, unicameral, each state one vote Great compromise: bicameral legislature, house of representatives (based on population), senate (2 per state) 3/5 ‘s Plan: slaves would be counted as 3/5ths of a person towards representation in Congress. Checks and Balances of the Federal Government (Slides 8-11 on 1.6 Notes): -Congressional checks -executive checks -judicial checks Unit 1 Study Guide - AP Government Enumerated (Expressed) Powers: powers directly stated in the constitution Reserved Powers: powers held by the state; example Concurrent Powers: powers held by both federal government and state; example Federalism (Dual and Cooperative): -federalism: Division of powers between national, state, and local governments - dual federalism: Federal and state governments are each supreme in their own sphere; their powers do NOT overlap -cooperative federalism: Federal government & states share responsibilities, costs, and administration of policies. U.S. v. Lopez ● First modern limit on congressional use of its commerce clause power ● Introduced a new phase of federalism that emphasized the importance of state sovereignty and local control Mccullough v. Maryland ● Declared that congress has implied powers necessary to implement its enumerated powers ● Established supremacy of the U.S. constitutional and federal over state laws