Conjugation of Verbs and Verb Moods

Conjugation of Verbs

• Three categories of verb conjugation:

  • Verbs whose roots end in vowels and take endings.

  • Verbs whose roots end in consonants.

  • Verbs whose roots end in vowels and do not take endings (single syllable).

Verb Moods - Indicative Mood

• Used for statements of fact.

• Tenses within the indicative mood:

  • Imperfect Tense

  • Simple Past Tense

  • Pluperfect Tense

  • Present Perfect Tense

  • Past Perfect Tense

  • Future Tense

  • Future Perfect Tense

Imperfect Tense

• Describes actions that were ongoing, habitual, or incomplete in the past.

• Focuses on the duration of the action rather than its completion.

• Corresponds to English verbs ending in "-ing" (e.g., "was running").

• Used for:

  • Ongoing actions in the past (e.g., "I was running").

  • Habitual actions in the past.

  • Past states.

  • Actions that were in progress but not complete.

• Example: "I was running" (Lampete) compared to "I ran" (Iran) which is a completed action.

Simple Past Tense

• Describes completed actions in the past.

• Represents a single, complete event.

• The action happened and is now over.

• Examples: "I went," "She spoke," "They ate."

Pluperfect Tense

• Describes an action completed before another action in the past.

• Indicates a sequence of past events where one action is completed before another.

• Example: "She had finished work before she went home."

Present Perfect Tense

• Describes an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past but has a connection to the present.

• Indicates an action that started in the past and continues up to the present.

• Examples:

  • "I have seen," "She had lived."

  • Experiences in one's life without a specific time.

  • Recently completed actions with present consequences.

• Examples:

  • "I have seen the movie."

  • "She has lived in Tirana for ten years."

  • "We have finished the homework."

Past Perfect Tense

• Describes an action completed before another past action.

• Similar to pluperfect tense.

• More formal than pluperfect.

Future Tense

• Describes actions that will happen in the future.

• Uses "will" or "shall."

• Examples:

  • "I will go to work tomorrow."

  • Predictions: "I think it will rain later."

  • Expressing intentions: "They will visit Albania next year."

Future Perfect Tense

• Describes an action that will be completed in the future before a specific time.

• Example: "I will have finished work by the time she is ready to go."

Verb Conjugation Examples

Verbs with roots ending in vowels that take endings:

• Examples: punoj (to work), lexoj (to read), shikoj (to look), dëgjoj (to listen), shkruaj (to write), bëj (to do/make), jetoj (to live), vrapoj (to run).

• Conjugation:

  • Une (I): punoj, lexoj, shikoj, dëgjoj, shkruaj, bëj, jetoj, vrapoj

  • Ti (You): punon, lexon, shikon, dëgjon, shkruan, bën, jeton, vrapon

  • Ai/Ajo (He/She): punon, lexon, shikon, dëgjon, shkruan, bën, jeton, vrapon

  • Ne (We): punojme, lexojme, shikojmë, dëgjojmë, shkruajme, bëjme, jetojme, vrapomje

  • Ju (You): punoni, lexoni, shikoni, dëgjoni, shkruani, bëni, jetoni, vrapom

  • Ata/Ato (They): punojne, lexojnë, shikojnë, dëgjojnë, shkruajnë, bëjnë, jetojnë, wapojnë

Verbs with roots ending in consonants:

• Examples: marr (take), jap (give), hap (open), mbyll (close), flas (speak), bërtas (shout), djeg (burn), zgjedh (choose).

• Conjugation:

  • Une (I): marr, jap, hap, mbyll, flas, bërtas, djeg, zgjedh

  • Ti (You): merr, jep, hep, mbyll, flet, bërtet, djay, zgjeth

  • Ai/Ajo (He/She): merr, jep, hep, mbyll, flet, bërtet, djeg, zgjedh

  • Ne (We): marrim, jepim, hepim, mbyllim, flasim, bertam, digim, zgjedhim

  • Ju (You): merni, jepni, hepni, mbyllni, flisni, bërtisni, djegini, zgjedhni

  • Ata/Ato (They): marrin, japin, nepin, mbyllin, flasin, bevtasin, djegin, zgjedhin

Verbs with roots ending in vowels that do not take endings:

• Examples: ha (eat), pi (drink), fle (sleep), rri (stay), di (know), ve (put), ngre (raise), lë (leave).

• Conjugation:

  • Une (I): ha, pi, fle, rri, di, ve, ngre, le

  • Ti (You): ha, pi, fle, rri, di, ve, ngre, le

  • Ai/Ajo (He/She): ha, pi, fle, rri, di, ve, ngre, le

  • Ne (We): hame, pime, fleme, rrimë, dime, veme, ngreme, lëme

  • Ju (You): hani, pini, flini, rini, dini, vini, ngreni, lini

  • Ata/Ato (They): hane, pine, flene, rrine, dine, vene, ngrene, lene