Note
Studied by 1 person
set 3
Colonial era: America is colonized by different empires, each with a different policy. The Spanish, French, and Dutch controlled more settlements than the British. The British gradually took more. British cared more about money and economic gain from the colony while spain and others were most worried about religion
Brit colony policy: far more hostile to native americans, settlement was a solution to poverty, mass incarceration, and religious and political dissent.
French and Spanish colonies: unlike brits, no active recruitment for resettlements, more so about extracting natural resources. More interaction with native americans including marriage. Tried to push christian ideals onto native americans.
By the mid 1700’s fresh NA colonies had about 60,000 settlers while brit colonies had about 2 million settlers including transports (prisoners)
Northern colonies: primarily people from England, some from Wales, Scotland, and northern ireland. Region became known as New England. Pressure of overpopulation and increasing land price prevents farming and stuff. Most of the first generation paid their own fare rather than indentured servitude.
Key ports: Baltimore, New Jersey, and New york. Many people moved beyond the coast for cheap and fertile land to start small family farms. Often free land in the backcountry
Southern colonies: maryland and virginia; Cavaliers, small elite-second and third sons of british aristocrats. Large population of indentured servants. By the revolution indentured servants and their descendants made up about 75 percent of the population. Elite established large land holdings and grew tobacco. Lower southern colonies: Georgia, north and south Carolina Hinterlands:small farms, Tidewater plantations (rice and indigo and tobacco), countryside, cities, and port cities.
Indentured or enslaved: Passage paid for and voluntary but under contract to work 4-7+ years. Redemptioners, german lands, indebted to sailors, no contract, negotiated contract only after landed.Enslaved africans: largest forced migration, kidnapped, poor conditions, sold, unprotected, worked in every colony.
Religion in brit colonies: Protestant groups formed enclaves, Shared disdain for catholicism most colonies limit on catholic settlement
Early Union America's image is of welcoming europeans. Wide lands opened after Louisiana purchase along with acquiring Florida from spain. Primarily protestants from north ireland and german speakers motivated by low wages. Some motivated by political factors
Immigrant laborers:Farming cheap land west, irish and italian men digging canals and laying road, Samuel slater opened first mill,
New territory and laws: Northwest ordinance banned slavery and other involuntary servitude along with religious freedom.naturalising act of 1790, free white persons of good character, made women and non whites ineligible.
1820:still primarily white protestant english speaking british origin 1840:catholics fleeing ireland and other famine ridden european area (scottish highlands, netherlands, and belgium denmark, sweden, prussia, spain, portugal) 1848 and start of the gold rush drew immigrants from both asia and european continents, in addition to americans.
Quebec province was: overpopulated, scarce on available farming land, railroad linked to CAD and US, many immigrated to work in new england.1848 treaty of guadalupe hidalgo. Vast territory from Mexico inhabited by Spanish speakers. Quebec and New England textile mil work, Chinese and Mexican labored on railways, Irish and Italian labored on railways. Most departure areas removed “going away” tax, postal system improvements, 1858 atlantic cable-telegraph link, steamship travel 1848,
What do we learn about the 2019 shooting in El Paso and the “manifesto” of the shooter? The shooter targeted Hispanics, citing fear of an "invasion" of Mexicans in his manifesto. The shooting was described as a hate crime driven by anti-immigrant sentiment.
What did Rep. Escobar say about the type of crime, and about former President Trump? Rep. Escobar called the El Paso shooting a result of the rhetoric of hate and division, which she linked to former President Trump's inflammatory statements.
How did former President Trump characterize the type of Mexicans coming to the United States? Trump described Mexican immigrants as bringing drugs, crime, and being "rapists," perpetuating a negative stereotype.
What did Ken Cucinelli say about the link between public debate and acts of violence? Cucinelli suggested there is no direct connection between political discourse and violent actions, though the connection was often debated.
What did former President Trump say about El Paso in his State of the Union address? Trump praised El Paso for being a place that “went from one of the most dangerous cities in America to one of the safest," after building a border wall.
What did the former Mayor of El Paso, Dee Rogers, say about safety in the city? Dee Rogers stated that El Paso was safe due to community involvement and relationships between law enforcement and the public, not just due to border security measures.
What do we find out about El Paso as a policy testing ground for harsh asylum seeker policies? El Paso became a site for testing aggressive immigration policies, such as "Remain in Mexico" and rapid expulsions, which impacted asylum seekers.
What do we learn about Zero Tolerance and the national policy of separating children from parents in separate detention facilities? Zero Tolerance led to widespread family separations at the border, causing significant psychological harm to children, with many placed in separate detention centers.
What do we learn about the human caravan from Central America (by Cucinelli and in terms of how it benefits coyotes)? Cucinelli highlighted how the human caravan was exploited by "coyotes" (smugglers), who profit from guiding migrants through dangerous routes.
What do we find out about the United Constitutional Patriots? The United Constitutional Patriots were a militia group that patrolled the border and detained migrants, operating in controversial and sometimes unlawful ways.
And about the relationship between Border Patrol units on the ground and militias? Border Patrol and militias sometimes cooperated, though tensions arose due to legal concerns about militias' actions on the border.
What was the difference in the type of migrant in 2019 (the who) from previously? The 2019 migrant surge saw more families and children from Central America seeking asylum, contrasting with earlier waves that were more adult male migrants.
What do we learn about holding migrants under a bridge and why? Migrants were held under a bridge in unsanitary and overcrowded conditions, often due to lack of space in official detention facilities.
What do we learn about the Remain in Mexico program? And about the conditions in Ciudad Juarez? The Remain in Mexico program forced migrants to stay in Mexico while awaiting U.S. asylum hearings, leaving many in dangerous conditions in cities like Ciudad Juarez.
What do we find out about Sebastian and Sayda’s background (where they are from and why they left)? Sebastian and Sayda were from Honduras, fleeing violence and poverty in their home country, seeking safety in the U.S.
What are the so-called hieleras? Hieleras ("iceboxes") are detention cells used by Border Patrol, known for being extremely cold and overcrowded, where migrants are held for short periods after apprehension.
What do we find out about the Clint holding facility for unaccompanied children from the Flores settlement monitors and testimony before the House Oversight Committee? The Clint facility was found to be overcrowded and unsanitary, with children being held for extended periods, violating standards set by the Flores settlement.
What do we find about Dariana? Dariana was a migrant girl who faced hardship while detained, highlighting the trauma and mistreatment that many unaccompanied minors experienced at detention centers.
Patterns of mid 19th century: chain migration, where known friends are family. Womens work- light industry, cigar factories, textile mills, garment shops, domestic service far more common. Meat packing plants and slaughterhouses in cincinnati and chicago, Beer towns: german owned breweries, st louis and cincinnati. Homestead act of 1962 during civil war land was offered to millions of immigrants, 10% of landmass of US, continued noncontiguous expansion with purchase of alaska from Russia in 1897 Anti irish/ catholic popular hatred dominated much of mid-19th century as is expressed in print. Irish catholics depicted as drunks, unsanitary, ignorant, poor. Led to first state efforts to help regulate immigration, creates board of commissioners on immigration and established facilities to care for those coming with infectious diseases.
Immigration power was still mostly up to the state and some were pretty lenient. 1846 wisconsin allowed immigrants to vote. 1850 Michigan gave immigrants with residency of 2.5 years and up right to vote. Immigration continues at a high rate.