IB Biology: Diversity of Species

Explain Directional, Disruptive, and Stabilizing Selection due to environmental pressures and natural selection.

Define fitness and give an example.

Define natural selection

Define Artificial Selection

Define reproductive isolation and explain how it causes speciation.

Draw a chromosome pair (homologous chromosomes),label 3 genes 

Explain what homozygous and heterozygous genotypes mean.

What is a phenotype?

Define genome.

Describe these genomes- GG, Gg, gg

Do members of the same species have variation?

Why is variation important for species and ecosystems to withstand natural and human disturbances?

What are the 2 different species concepts? Explain each.

What does geographical isolation do to two populations of the same species in the short and long term?

Explain why chromosomally we are different from chimpanzees.

How many chromosomes do humans have in somatic vs gamete cells?

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? Why are they in pairs?

How are chromosomes described?

Does the number of chromosomes a species has indicate the length of its genome?

Why are hybrids of 2 species usually infertile? (explain using chromosome numbers)

Name and interpret a person's karyotype using a karyogram.

What is different between alleles of a gene?

“Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)”=

Homozygous for a trait = 

Heterozygous for a trait = 

What unit is used to measure genomes?

What is the main goal of genome sequencing?

Which is larger variation within a species or between species?

How is genome size measured?

Transposons = 

Why do large genomes not necessarily contain more functioning genes?

Why will two populations of a species separated geographically have differences in base sequences?

If two populations of a species are separated geographically and one undergoes  a dramatic dieoff due to disease(bottleneck event) how will the genes in that population differ due to genetic drift after a few generations? 

Explain when the biological species concept does not work as well.

Does the biological species concept work for prokaryotes?

Members of the same species usually have _____________________ number of chromosomes.

Gametes (sex cells) are  haploid/diploid, somatic cells are haploid/diploid

What is the purpose of a dichotomous key?

How can species be identified from environmental DNA using barcodes? Why is it helpful in determining biodiversity?