Chapter 14 history

Federal Marshals - a law enforcement officer who works for the United States government

raciscm - The belief that ones race is better, than others

Segregation - Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences

Dead Scott decision - A Supreme Court decision that African Americans had no rights as citizens wand that the Missouri compromise of 1820 was unconstitutional Dred Scott was an escaped slave at the center of the case was returned to slavery

Popular Sovereignty - The idea that residents if a region or nation decide an issue by voting

Republican Party - Antislavery political party that formed in the 1850's.

Confederacy - A loose union of independent states; name of government used by the southern states that seceded during the Civil War

Crittenden Plan - 1860 compromise proposal on the slavery issue designed to defuse tension between North and South; would have allowed slavery to continue in the South and would have denied Congress the power to regulate interstate slave trade; Republicans in Congress voted against it.

garrison - the troops stationed in a fortress or town to defend it.

Secede - withdraw formally from membership in a federal union, an alliance, or a political or religious organization.

Unionist - a person who supported the Union during the entire Civil War period

Free Soil Party - Formed in 1847 - 1848, dedicated to opposing slavery in newly acquired territories such as Oregon and ceded Mexican territory.

Compromise of 1850 - Includes California admitted as a free state, the Fugitive Slave Act, Made popular sovereignty in most other states from Mexican- American War

1850 Fugitive Slave Act - Made it a crime to help Runaway Slaves. Slave were not able to testify in court and commissioners were paid more $ if they found the salve Innocent. This angered many people & encouraged them to join the Slave holders. This act was part of the Compromise of 1850, which allowed CA to become a free state.

John and Calhoun - First vice president during Jackson's presidency, Staunchly pro-slavery vice-president, engineering the Compromise of 1850 and helping further split the nations

Daniel Webster - Senator of Massachusetts; famous American politician & orator; advocated renewal & opposed the financial policy of Jackson; many of the principles of finance he spoke about were later incorporated in the Federal Reserve System; later pushed for a strong union.

Harriet Beecher Stowe - American author and daughter of Lyman Beecher, she was an abolitionist and author of the famous antislavery novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin.

Stephen A. Douglas - an American politician from Illinois and the designer of the Kansas-Nebraska Act

Kansas-Nebraska Act - a law that allowed voters in Kansas and Nebraska to choose whether to allow slavery

Bleeding Kansas - A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory. The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent.

John Brown - An abolitionist who attempted to lead a slave revolt by capturing Armories in southern territory and giving weapons to slaves, was hung in Harpers Ferry after capturing an Armory

James Buchanan - The 15th President of the United States (1857-1861). He tried to maintain a balance between proslavery and antislavery factions, but his moderate views angered radicals in both North and South, and he was unable to forestall the secession of South Carolina on December 20, 1860.

Roger Taney - chief justice of the supreme court who wrote an opinion in the 1857 Dred Scott case that declared the Missouri compromise unconstitutional

Harper's Ferry - John Brown's scheme to invade the South with armed slaves, backed by sponsoring, northern abolitionists; seized the federal arsenal; Brown and remnants were caught by Robert E. Lee and the US Marines; Brown was hanged

John Breckinridge - Kentucky Democrat who ran unsuccessfully for President in 1860; believing that Congress had a duty to protect slavery

Constitutional union party - Formed by moderate Whigs and Know-Nothings in an effort to elect a compromise candidate and avert a sectional crisis.

Abraham Lincoln - 16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)

Jefferson Davis - An American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865

Team of Rivals - An appointment strategy whereby presidents assemble a diverse team of former political antagonists

Fort Sumter - Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War

What issue created great conflict between the North and the South in the mid 1800s - slavery in new territories and states

According to the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 who would decide if lsavery would be permitted in a new state - Voters in the new state

What party was formed in 1854 by anti slavers leaders to fight the expansion of slavery - Republican

What was the effect of the 1857 Supreme Court decision in the case of dred Scott vs Stanford - The proslavery decision further divided Americans

For what party was Abraham Lincoln a candidate in the 1860 presidential election - Republican

How did the southern states respond at first to the election of Abraham Lincoln as president - They began to secede from the union

What was the main goal of the free soil party - to keep slavery out of new territories and states

What was the pony express - mail service between the East and the West

Which statement describes the situation of free African Americans in the south - Laws restricted their rights to vote own property and travel freely

How did California's application from statehood upset the Missouri compromise - It would upset the balance between free and slave states

How did many plantation owners justify the enslavement of African Americans - The said slaves were better off with their owners

What was one provision of the compromise of 1850 - It admitted California as a free state

Why did some plantation owners present the Ostend manifesto to the us government - They wanted Cuba to be a new slave state.

What opinion did southern leaders have about tariffs - Tariffs helped the North by raising the price of manufactured goods.

What was the first state to secede from the union - South Carolina

When the confederacy formed in 1861 who was chosen as its president - Jefferson Davis

Who did president Lincoln appoint to his cabinet - men who represented competing factions within his party

How did president Lincoln first address the issues of slavery and secession - He stated that secession was illegal and he would not interfere with slavery where it already existed.

Why were southerners angry at the prospect of organizing the territory west of Minnesota, Iowa, and Missouri into new states - They didn't want any more free states

Which event prompted John browns attack on the Potawatomi creek settlement - Thye violent proslavery raid in Lawrence Kansas

What was the main obstacle to Stephen a Douglass propped Chicago San Francisco railroad - The territory was not organized into states

Which syncretic angered by an anti slavery speech physically attacked another senator - Preston brooks

Who did the republicans nominate in the presidential election of 1856 - John C. Fremont

What reasons did the judge in the dred Scott case give ruling that "members of the negro African race" died into have a right to sue - They were not actually U.S. citizens

Which act did the dred Scott case deem unconstitutional - The Missouri compromise

In the election of 1860 who was the presidential nominee of the constitutional union party - John bell

In the lectionary off 1860 how did the Democratic Party address the conflict between their northern and Southern factions - The factions chose separate nominees for president

Which state was the first to secede from the union - South Carolina

Who was Jefferson Davis - President of the Confederacy

Who were the "team of rivals" - The men Lincoln appointed to his cabinet

What declaration did the president Lincoln make about secession - It was illegal

How did the judges in the dred Scott case describe enslaved people - As personal property of slaveholders

What is popular sovereignty? - Allowing residents to decide a issues by voting

What happened at Harper's ferry - Abolitionists captured and arsenal and took hostages

In addition to creating two new states what else did Kansas Nebraska act call for - Ending the long-standing ban on slavery in the north

How did fugitive slave act discourage people from helping enslaved people - People faced harsh penalties

Which statement about resupplying the garrison at fort Sumter is true - It could be seen as an act of war

What was the Ostend Manifesto? - A plan to acquire Cuba as a slave state

What candidate in the 1860 election campaigned in both the north and the south - Stephen Douglas

What best describes Abraham Lincoln background - He had little formal schooling but was a successful lawyer

In the election of 1860 which party supported the free soil platform - The Republican Party

Which slave state has the largest proportion of counties with more than a 50% slave population - South Carolina

Which state bordered a free territory and a territory open to slavery - Texas

How many slave and free stares were there - 16 free states 15 slave states

When was Abraham Lincoln inaugurated - March 4, 1861

Which state seceded the same month Davis was elected confederate president - Texas

How did the acquisition of new territories cause conflict? - New lands caused fights over slavery

What caused the creation of and who created a new political party - Free soil party was created by anti slavery groups to stop the spread of slavery

Why was California's application for statehood problematic - It upset the balance of free and slave states

What did the north get out of the compromise of 1850 - California

What did the south get - The pony express(better mail service)

Why was this so unpopular in the north - The north hated it because it mostly helped the south and slavery supporters

How did some slave owners try to justify slavery - That slaves were better off under the control of their owners

Besides slavery what other issue was a focus of the southern economy - Tariffs

What was the Ostend Manifesto? - a message sent to the secretary of state by three american diplomats who urged the united states government to seize cuba by force if spain refused to sell

Describe life for free blacks in the north - Faced discrimination and limited opportunities but contributed to absolutism and built communities

How did a proposed railroad lead to the Kansa Nebraska act - Allowing slavery decisions by settlers and heightening sectional tensions

What did the Kansas Nebraska act entail - 1. Allowed settlers to decide wether to allow slavery(popular sovereignty)

2.repealed the Missouri compromise

3.led to violent conflict in Kansas (bleeding Kansas)

What was the original purpose of the Republican Party and what factions joined to create it - The Republican Party as created to stop the spread of slavery further whigs free soldiers and anti slavery democrats joined.

When was the dred Scott decision - March 6, 1857

On what grounds did he sue - Dred Scott sued because he had lived in free territory and believed that made him a free man

What were the two major effects of roger Tandy's explanation of the decision - It declared the African-Americans whether enslaved or free were not and could never become citizens of the United States secondly, in invalidated, the Missouri compromise, which had prohibited slavery in certain territories, thus allowing for potential expansion of slavery into all territories

Why do northerners view john brown as a martyr after Harper's ferry - From sacrificers himself to resist slavery

What three issues led in part to the Democratic Party splitting - 1.slavery

2.states rights

3.economic policies

What were the 2 factions and who did each nominate for president - Northern democrats, who nominated Stephen a Douglas

Southern democrats who nominated john c. Breckinridge

What was the 4th party that sprang up during this time,adn who did they nominate - The constitutional union party nominated john bell

Why did the Republican Party think it was important to nominate a moderate from Illinois - The wanted to appeal to bth anti-slavery northerners and more conservative votes to win the election

How do Lincol, Breckenridge,bell, and Douglas - Lincoln- campaigned mostly in the north and stayed quiet on controversial issues

Breckinridge- supported southern rights and slavery

Bell- focused of preserving the union without talking a strong stand on slavery

Douglas- supported popular sovereignty and campaigned personally across the country

Give two reasons why southerners may have resented Lincoln's election - 1. They believed Lincoln was hostile to slavery and willed try to abolish it

2. They felt political powerless because Lincoln won without any southern electoral votes

Why aside from slavery did secessionists think they had a right to leave the union - States rights

How long after Lincoln took office did South Carolina vote to secede - One month

Where was the first capital of the confederacy - MGM, AL now in Richmond Virginia

What was the Crittenden Plan? Who supported it who did not - Try to protect slavery south of the Missouri compromise line, supported by southerners and opposed by Lincoln and Republicans

Did Lincoln prioritize abolition or preserving the union - Preserving the union over abolishing slavery

Describe Lincoln's cabinet - Included people with different political views even rivals

What was the news from fort Sumter and when was it received - Fort Sumter was low on supplies; news came in April 1861