Here are the notes in a flashcard-friendly format:
---
Phylum Porifera:
- Symmetry: Asymmetrical
- Cephalization: None
- Gut Type: None
- Body Cavity: None
- Segmentation: None
- Tissues: Cellular level
- Development: Minimal
- Reproduction: Asexual (budding), Sexual (hermaphrodites)
- Special Features: Choanocytes (collar cells)
- Examples: Bath sponge (*Spongia*), Glass sponge (*Euplectella*), Calcareous sponge (*Grantia*)
---
Phylum Cnidaria:
- Symmetry: Radial
- Cephalization: None
- Gut Type: Sac-like
- Body Cavity: Acoelomate
- Segmentation: None
- Tissues: Diploblastic (epidermis, gastrodermis, mesoglea)
- Development: Indirect, radial cleavage
- Reproduction: Asexual (budding), Sexual
- Special Features: Nematocysts (stinging cells)
- Examples: Jellyfish (*Aurelia*), Sea anemone (*Actinia*), Coral (*Acropora*)
---
Phylum Platyhelminthes:
- Symmetry: Bilateral
- Cephalization: Present
- Gut Type: Sac-like
- Body Cavity: Acoelomate
- Segmentation: None
- Tissues: Triploblastic
- Development: Protostome, spiral cleavage, direct or indirect
- Reproduction: Sexual (hermaphroditic)
- Special Features: Regeneration abilities
- Examples: Planarian (*Dugesia*), Tapeworm (*Taenia*), Fluke (*Schistosoma*)
---
Phylum Rotifera:
- Symmetry: Bilateral
- Cephalization: Present
- Gut Type: Tubular
- Body Cavity: Pseudocoelomate
- Segmentation: None
- Tissues: Triploblastic
- Development: Protostome, spiral cleavage, direct
- Reproduction: Sexual, Asexual (parthenogenesis)
- Special Features: Corona (ciliated structure)
- Examples: Philodina, Brachionus, Asplanchna
---
Phylum Annelida:
- Symmetry: Bilateral
- Cephalization: Present
- Gut Type: Tubular
- Body Cavity: Coelomate
- Segmentation: Present
- Tissues: Triploblastic
- Development: Protostome, spiral cleavage, direct or indirect
- Reproduction: Sexual (some hermaphroditic)
- Special Features: Setae (bristles)
- Examples: Earthworm (*Lumbricus*), Leech (*Hirudo*), Polychaete worm (*Nereis*)
---
Phylum Mollusca:
- Symmetry: Bilateral
- Cephalization: Present
- Gut Type: Tubular
- Body Cavity: Coelomate
- Segmentation: Reduced
- Tissues: Triploblastic
- Development: Protostome, spiral cleavage, direct or indirect
- Reproduction: Sexual (some hermaphroditic)
- Special Features: Mantle, radula
- Examples: Snail (*Helix*), Clam (*Mercenaria*), Octopus (*Octopus*)
---
Class Gastropoda (within Mollusca):
- Symmetry: Bilateral
- Cephalization: Present
- Gut Type: Tubular
- Body Cavity: Coelomate
- Segmentation: None
- Tissues: Triploblastic
- Development: Protostome, spiral cleavage, direct or indirect
- Reproduction: Sexual (many hermaphroditic)
- Special Features: Torsion
- Examples: Garden snail (*Helix aspersa*), Slug (*Limax*), Conch (*Strombus*)
---
Class Bivalvia (within Mollusca):
- Symmetry: Bilateral
- Cephalization: Reduced
- Gut Type: Tubular
- Body Cavity: Coelomate
- Segmentation: None
- Tissues: Triploblastic
- Development: Protostome, spiral cleavage, indirect
- Reproduction: Sexual
- Special Features: Two-part shell, filter feeding
- Examples: Blue mussel (*Mytilus edulis*), Oyster (*Ostrea*), Scallop (*Pecten*)
---
Class Cephalopoda (within Mollusca):
- Symmetry: Bilateral
- Cephalization: Significant
- Gut Type: Tubular
- Body Cavity: Coelomate
- Segmentation: None
- Tissues: Triploblastic
- Development: Protostome, spiral cleavage, direct
- Reproduction: Sexual
- Special Features: Highly developed nervous system
- Examples: Octopus (*Octopus*), Squid (*Loligo*), Cuttlefish (*Sepia*)
---
Phylum Nematoda:
- Symmetry: Bilateral
- Cephalization: Present
- Gut Type: Tubular
- Body Cavity: Pseudocoelomate
- Segmentation: None
- Tissues: Triploblastic
- Development: Protostome, eutely, direct
- Reproduction: Sexual (some hermaphroditic)
- Special Features: Cuticle, longitudinal muscles
- Examples: Vinegar eel (*Turbatrix aceti*), Hookworm (*Ancylostoma*), Caenorhabditis elegans
---
Phylum Arthropoda:
- Symmetry: Bilateral
- Cephalization: Present
- Gut Type: Tubular
- Body Cavity: Coelomate
- Segmentation: Present
- Tissues: Triploblastic
- Development: Protostome, spiral cleavage, direct or indirect
- Reproduction: Sexual
- Special Features: Exoskeleton, jointed appendages
- Examples: Insects (e.g., Drosophila), Spiders (*Araneae*), Crustaceans (e.g., Homarus)
---
Class Polyplacophora (within Mollusca):
- Symmetry: Bilateral
- Cephalization: Reduced
- Gut Type: Tubular
- Body Cavity: Coelomate
- Segmentation: Present
- Tissues: Triploblastic
- Development: Protostome, spiral cleavage, direct
- Reproduction: Sexual
- Special Features: Eight-plated shell
- Examples: Chiton (*Chiton*), Lepidochitona
---
These flashcards summarize the key characteristics and examples of each invertebrate phylum and class, providing a quick and easy way to study the information.
Here are the notes in a flashcard-friendly format:
---
Phylum Porifera:
- Symmetry: Asymmetrical
- Cephalization: None
- Gut Type: None
- Body Cavity: None
- Segmentation: None
- Tissues: Cellular level
- Development: Minimal
- Reproduction: Asexual (budding), Sexual (hermaphrodites)
- Special Features: Choanocytes (collar cells)
- Examples: Bath sponge (*Spongia*), Glass sponge (*Euplectella*), Calcareous sponge (*Grantia*)
---
Phylum Cnidaria:
- Symmetry: Radial
- Cephalization: None
- Gut Type: Sac-like
- Body Cavity: Acoelomate
- Segmentation: None
- Tissues: Diploblastic (epidermis, gastrodermis, mesoglea)
- Development: Indirect, radial cleavage
- Reproduction: Asexual (budding), Sexual
- Special Features: Nematocysts (stinging cells)
- Examples: Jellyfish (*Aurelia*), Sea anemone (*Actinia*), Coral (*Acropora*)
---
Phylum Platyhelminthes:
- Symmetry: Bilateral
- Cephalization: Present
- Gut Type: Sac-like
- Body Cavity: Acoelomate
- Segmentation: None
- Tissues: Triploblastic
- Development: Protostome, spiral cleavage, direct or indirect
- Reproduction: Sexual (hermaphroditic)
- Special Features: Regeneration abilities
- Examples: Planarian (*Dugesia*), Tapeworm (*Taenia*), Fluke (*Schistosoma*)
---
Phylum Rotifera:
- Symmetry: Bilateral
- Cephalization: Present
- Gut Type: Tubular
- Body Cavity: Pseudocoelomate
- Segmentation: None
- Tissues: Triploblastic
- Development: Protostome, spiral cleavage, direct
- Reproduction: Sexual, Asexual (parthenogenesis)
- Special Features: Corona (ciliated structure)
- Examples: Philodina, Brachionus, Asplanchna
---
Phylum Annelida:
- Symmetry: Bilateral
- Cephalization: Present
- Gut Type: Tubular
- Body Cavity: Coelomate
- Segmentation: Present
- Tissues: Triploblastic
- Development: Protostome, spiral cleavage, direct or indirect
- Reproduction: Sexual (some hermaphroditic)
- Special Features: Setae (bristles)
- Examples: Earthworm (*Lumbricus*), Leech (*Hirudo*), Polychaete worm (*Nereis*)
---
Phylum Mollusca:
- Symmetry: Bilateral
- Cephalization: Present
- Gut Type: Tubular
- Body Cavity: Coelomate
- Segmentation: Reduced
- Tissues: Triploblastic
- Development: Protostome, spiral cleavage, direct or indirect
- Reproduction: Sexual (some hermaphroditic)
- Special Features: Mantle, radula
- Examples: Snail (*Helix*), Clam (*Mercenaria*), Octopus (*Octopus*)
---
Class Gastropoda (within Mollusca):
- Symmetry: Bilateral
- Cephalization: Present
- Gut Type: Tubular
- Body Cavity: Coelomate
- Segmentation: None
- Tissues: Triploblastic
- Development: Protostome, spiral cleavage, direct or indirect
- Reproduction: Sexual (many hermaphroditic)
- Special Features: Torsion
- Examples: Garden snail (*Helix aspersa*), Slug (*Limax*), Conch (*Strombus*)
---
Class Bivalvia (within Mollusca):
- Symmetry: Bilateral
- Cephalization: Reduced
- Gut Type: Tubular
- Body Cavity: Coelomate
- Segmentation: None
- Tissues: Triploblastic
- Development: Protostome, spiral cleavage, indirect
- Reproduction: Sexual
- Special Features: Two-part shell, filter feeding
- Examples: Blue mussel (*Mytilus edulis*), Oyster (*Ostrea*), Scallop (*Pecten*)
---
Class Cephalopoda (within Mollusca):
- Symmetry: Bilateral
- Cephalization: Significant
- Gut Type: Tubular
- Body Cavity: Coelomate
- Segmentation: None
- Tissues: Triploblastic
- Development: Protostome, spiral cleavage, direct
- Reproduction: Sexual
- Special Features: Highly developed nervous system
- Examples: Octopus (*Octopus*), Squid (*Loligo*), Cuttlefish (*Sepia*)
---
Phylum Nematoda:
- Symmetry: Bilateral
- Cephalization: Present
- Gut Type: Tubular
- Body Cavity: Pseudocoelomate
- Segmentation: None
- Tissues: Triploblastic
- Development: Protostome, eutely, direct
- Reproduction: Sexual (some hermaphroditic)
- Special Features: Cuticle, longitudinal muscles
- Examples: Vinegar eel (*Turbatrix aceti*), Hookworm (*Ancylostoma*), Caenorhabditis elegans
---
Phylum Arthropoda:
- Symmetry: Bilateral
- Cephalization: Present
- Gut Type: Tubular
- Body Cavity: Coelomate
- Segmentation: Present
- Tissues: Triploblastic
- Development: Protostome, spiral cleavage, direct or indirect
- Reproduction: Sexual
- Special Features: Exoskeleton, jointed appendages
- Examples: Insects (e.g., Drosophila), Spiders (*Araneae*), Crustaceans (e.g., Homarus)
---
Class Polyplacophora (within Mollusca):
- Symmetry: Bilateral
- Cephalization: Reduced
- Gut Type: Tubular
- Body Cavity: Coelomate
- Segmentation: Present
- Tissues: Triploblastic
- Development: Protostome, spiral cleavage, direct
- Reproduction: Sexual
- Special Features: Eight-plated shell
- Examples: Chiton (*Chiton*), Lepidochitona
---
These flashcards summarize the key characteristics and examples of each invertebrate phylum and class, providing a quick and easy way to study the information.