Unit 5.1 Test Review Notes

Vocab

• virus

• capsid

• lytic cycle

• lysogenic cycle

• retrovirus

• reverse transcriptase

• prokaryote

• extremophile

• peptidoglycan

• Gram-positive

• Gram-negative

• binary fission

• endospore

• conjugation

• nitrogen fixation

• pathogen

• Germ Theory of Disease

• vaccine

• antibiotic

• emerging disease

• photoautotroph

• chemoautotroph

• aerobe

• anaerobe

• facultative anaerobe

• protist

• alternation of generations

• spore

• fungi

• chitin

• hyphae

• fruiting body

• mycelium

• lichen

• mycorrhizae

• plant

• germination

• pollen

• root

• stem

• leaf

• green algae

• bryophyte

• tracheophyte (vascular seedless plants)

• gymnosperm

• seed

• angiosperm

• fruit

• xylem

• phloem

• stomata

• guard cells

• transpiration

Prokaryotes

• Two domains of prokaryotes.

• Three basic shapes of bacteria.

• Three major roles that prokaryotes play in the living world.

• How humans can use prokaryotes.

Disease Prevention

• Best way to prevent bacterial or viral diseases.

• How vaccines work.

Viruses

• Components of a virus.

• Living or nonliving.

• Lytic vs lysogenic infections.

Protists

• Different ways protists move in their environment.

• How protists affect their environment (ecological significance).

Fungi

• Characteristics & structures all fungi have in common.

• Fungi related to animals than to plants.

• Mushrooms grow back in the same place every year.

• How fungi benefit other organisms (including humans).

• Parts of the fungus.

Plants

• What plants need to survive.

• Characteristics of plants changed over time.

• Major organs of plants.

• How plants germinate.

• Plant Evolution Cladogram

  • Green Algae

  • Bryophytes (Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts)

  • Seedless Vascular Plants (Ferns, Horsetails)

  • Gymnosperms (Conifers, Cycads)

  • Angiosperms (Flowering Plants)

Diseases

• List diseases/disease-causing examples for each group.

  • Virus

  • Bacteria

  • Protist

    • Fungi

• Virus: Influenza (flu), HIV/AIDS, common cold

• Bacteria: Strep throat, E. coli infection, tuberculosis

• Protist: Malaria, giardiasis, amoebic dysentery

• Fungi: Athlete's foot, ringworm, aspergillosis