Quiz 3 CDI350

Study Guide for Phonetics Quiz

1. Be Able to Draw the Vowel Quadrilateral

• The vowel quadrilateral is a visual representation of vowel articulation.

• Know the placement of vowels based on:

  • Height (High, Mid, Low)

  • Backness (Front, Central, Back)

  • Rounded vs. Unrounded

Basic Layout:

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i u ɪ ʊ e o ɛ ɔ æ ɑ

• Front vowels: /i, ɪ, e, ɛ, æ/

• Central vowels: /ə, ɚ, ɝ, ʌ/

• Back vowels: /u, ʊ, o, ɔ, ɑ/

2. Three Ways Consonants Are Described

1. Place of Articulation – Where in the vocal tract the sound is produced.

   • Examples: Bilabial, Alveolar, Velar, Glottal, etc.

2. Manner of Articulation – How the airflow is modified.

   • Examples: Stops, Nasals, Fricatives, Affricates, etc.

3. Voicing – Whether vocal cords vibrate.

   • Voiced: /b, d, g, m, n, ŋ/

   • Voiceless: /p, t, k/

3. How Stops and Nasal Consonants Are Made

Stops (Plosives):

• Airflow is completely blocked in the vocal tract and then released.

• Examples:

  • Bilabial: /p, b/

  • Alveolar: /t, d/

  • Velar: /k, g/

Nasals:

• Airflow is directed through the nose while the mouth is closed.

• Examples:

  • Bilabial: /m/

  • Alveolar: /n/

  • Velar: /ŋ/ (as in "sing")

4. IPA Symbols for Stops and Nasals

5. Translating IPA to English Orthography

• Be familiar with common IPA transcriptions.

• Example words:

  • /bæt/ → bat

  • /kæt/ → cat

  • /ˈbʌtɚ/ → butter (flap/tap present)

  • /ˈmʌðɚ/ → mother

• Glottal Stop (ʔ): Often replaces /t/ in words like "bottle" in some dialects → /ˈbɑʔl/

• Flap/Tap (ɾ): Sounds like a soft "d" in American English → "ladder" and "latter" both pronounced /ˈlæɾɚ/

6. Writing Words in IPA

• You will hear 7 words and transcribe them into IPA.

• Focus on:

  • Vowels: /i, ɪ, e, ɛ, æ, u, ʊ, o, ɔ, ɑ/

  • Diphthongs: /aɪ, aʊ, ɔɪ, eɪ, oʊ/

  • R-colored vowels: /ɚ, ɝ/

  • Stops: /p, b, t, d, k, g/

  • Nasals: /m, n, ŋ/

  • No flap/tap or glottal stop in this section.

Example Words and Their IPA Transcription:

• "team" → /tim/

• "dog" → /dɔg/

• "phone" → /foʊn/

• "man" → /mæn/

• "ring" → /rɪŋ/

• "road" → /roʊd/

• "coin" → /kɔɪn/