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Reinforcement | Punishment | |
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Positive (Adding) | - Something valued or desirable-Positive Reinforcement-Example: getting a gold star for good behavior in school | -Something unpleasant-Punishment by Application -Example: getting a spanking for disobeying |
Negative (Removing/Avoiding) | -Something unpleasant- Negative Reinforcement-Example: avoiding a ticket by stopping at a red light | -Something valued or desirable-Punishment by Removal-Example: losing a privilege such as going out with friends |
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OPERANT CONDITIONING | CLASSICAL CONDITIONING |
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End result is an increase in the rate of an already occurring response | End result is the creation of a new response to a stimulus that did not normally produce that response |
Responses are voluntary | Responses are involuntary and reflexive |
Consequences are important in forming an association | Antecedent stimuli are important in forming an association |
Reinforcement should be immediate | CS must occur immediately before the UCS |
An expectancy develops for reinforcement to follow a correct response | An expectancy develops for UCS to follow CS |
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