Untitled Flashcards Set

List the 3 structural classifications of joints and an example of each: 

List the 3 functional classifications of joints and an example of each: 

What are the three factors that influence joint stability? Which one is most important? 

Can you describe or identify the types of angular movements? What planes do they move along? Give at least 5 examples. 

Can you describe or identify the types of rotation and special movements? Give examples or draw at least 3.

Do you know the kinds of movements the hinge, pivot, and ball and socket joints each allow? Can you readily identify which type a joint is? 

For the shoulder joint, what are the rotator cuff tendons? Why do they matter? What is the glenoid labrum? 

Chapter 11 

Sensory vs motor? Somatic vs visceral? What do they mean? 

CNS vs PNS ? 

What are the neuroglia of the CNS and PNS what do they each do? Try to keep it to one or two functions? What do they look like? 

What are the parts of a neuron? What do they look like? What is the general direction of information flow? 

Nuclei vs ganglia? Tract vs nerve? 

What is antero- and retrograde movement? What protein is involved in each? 

What is myelin made of? What is the function of myelin? What area of the neuron can be myelinated? Which cells provide myelin in CNS vs PNS? Is the approach different? 

Can you identify the types of neuron based on structure? 

What is the value for resting membrane potential? Describe the ionic compositions. 

Graded potentials occur where? What about longevity? What can they lead to? Compare them to action potentials. 

What are EPSPs and IPSPs? What kind of ions and their movement lead to each? What do they get closer or further away from? 

What are the sequence of steps to an action potential? Do you know what it looks like on a graph? Do you know what ions are moving? What charge do they carry? What do the gates/channels look like at each step? When is the absolute and relative refractory period? 

What is the synapse? What direction do each neuron take information? Which type of synapse is faster? Which one is more common? 

How is stimulus intensity coded for? What would that lead to in the presynaptic neuron? 

Do you know what the general steps of a chemical synapse are? Can you draw and explain the step? 

How many neurons are involved in temporal and spatial summation? What is happening in each? What can they lead to? 

CHAPTER 9

Of the types of skeletal muscles, which ones are striated? Which ones are involuntary? How many nuclei per cell? 

Striations are due to the presence of what? 

Can you identify from a cross section of a muscle the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium? What do each surround? 

What is a muscle vs a fascicle vs muscle fiber vs myofibril vs myofilaments? 

What is the sarcolemma? What are T-tubules? What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum? What do each of them do? 

Do you know what are thick and thin filaments? What about troponin and tropomyosin, who are they associated with? 

Can you identify the borders of a sarcomere? Which is the band with only thick vs the band with only thin vs the band with overlap? Can you identify them based on an image? 

Do you know the order of big steps and their proper names going from neuronal stimulation to muscle contraction? 

At the NMJ, what causes calcium to enter? What causes ACh to be released? Where will ACh go? What will that lead to? 

An end plate potential will lead to what? 

What causes T-tubule proteins to change shape? What will that then cause the SR to do? 

How are troponin and tropomyosin moved? What do they expose when they are moved? 

What are the steps to the cross-bridge cycle? What causes detachment? Who pulls what? How is the head energized? How does all this end? What has to leave? 

What is the motor unit? What is the relationship between the amount of fiber and the amount of control? 

In a muscle twitch, how fast are each of the steps? What do each of the periods correspond to? 

What is temporal summation? What is unfused and fused tetanus? Can you identify them based on an image? 

How does stimulus strength change muscle response? 

Which fibers are recruited when? 

Can you tell the difference between an isotonic vs isometric contraction? 

What are the three pathways for ATP regeneration? 

For each, do you know about oxygen use, products, timing?

What are the types of fibers? Which ones are what color? What exercises are they better suited for? 

Do you know the amount of time each energy pathway is used and when depending on the type of exercise (short duration high intensity or prolonged duration)?