Decline of the Qing Dynasty
| |
1. What caused the Opium Wars? | Britain smuggling opium from India to china. The Chinese destroyed British shipments of opium. |
2. What are the effects of the Opium Wars? | Unequal treaties - Treaty of Nanjing Pay money |
3. What is the result of the treaty of Nanjing? | Hong Kong is given to the British Britain has free open access to trade in China Extraterritoriality Spheres of influence |
4. Define Extraterritoriality
| Westerners accused of a crime can be tried by home laws in court |
5. Explain the concept: Spheres of Influence. | Land in China controlled by western powers to get resources and political power |
6. What are the outcomes of the Sino-Japanese War? | Japan gets Taiwan and control over Korea. |
7. What is the Open Door Policy? Was it effective? | All nations could have access to trade in China. It works. |
8. Who led the Taiping Rebellion? What was his goal? | Peasants. Goal is to overthrow the Qing dynasty, set a brand new society without social classes. Not successful |
9. What kinds of reforms did the Qing dynasty implement after the Taiping Rebellion?
| Updated civil service exam, send young men to study abroad, add new technology/modernize |
10. Who was against the reforms? Why? | Empress dowager Cixi. Thought it would destabilize the empire |
11. What are the beliefs of the members in the Boxer Rebellion? WHY? | Expel european powers.
|
12. What do the Boxers do? How are they stopped? | Tax foreigners and Chinese christians and foreign ambassadors. International army stop them |
13. What is the result of the Boxer Rebellion? | China must allow foreign troops into the country. |
14. Who is the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty? | Puyi |
The Republic
| |
1. What is the name of the Nationalist party in China? |
Guomindang
|
2. Who is the leader of the Nationalist Party? |
Sun Yatsen
|
3. What are Sun Yatsen’s 3 principles of the people? | Nationalism, democracy, livelihood |
4. Who is Chiang Kai Shek? | Military general that was left in charge by Sun Yatsen |
5. What 2 parties does the National party split into? | Communism, Nationalism |
6. How does Chaing Kai Shek react to the communists in the Nationalist party? | Expels them from the party and starts the long march |
7. What is the Long March? | Chase communists around China |
8. Who becomes a leader of the communists on the long march? | Mao Zedong |
9. How does China become split between the two parties? Where does each party end up? | Guomindang and communists Communists - north Guomindang - south |
10. What did Japan do in 1931? What is the outcome of this action? | Japan invades through Manchuria Set up Manchukuo and colonies |
Civil War
| |
1. Who is on the Nationalist side? Who is on the Communist side? | Mao Zedong - Communist Chiang kai shek - Nationalist |
2. Why did Communism “win” in China? (What was the appeal?) | Mao promised many things that appealed to peasants. Peasants were 80-90% of the population. Guomindang was pushed to Taiwan. |
3. Who did Mao get his ideas from? What were those ideas? | Carl Marks No social classes No private property or ownership of business |
Early Communism ( 1945-1949: 1st Communist Revolution, and Mao’s Great Leap Forward 1950’s and 1960’s)
| |
1. Who does Mao want to carry out the revolution? | Proletariat - peasants and factory workers |
2. What political changes do the communists make to China? | People's liberation army Created congress Created constitution |
3. What is a totalitarian state? | When the government controls every aspect of the people’s lives |
4. What is the “little red book”? | A book of Mao’s thoughts, preaches, speeches, and sayings You were supposed to learn from it Carry it around |
5. What types of ideas does Mao support through the use of propaganda? | Deifying Mao Encouraging people to enlist Highlight the Proletariat |
6. How does Mao make land reforms? | Took land from large owners and redistributed it |
7. What is a collective farm? | Land where a group of people all farm together Land is owned by the state Peasants are happy with this scenario |
8. What is the Great Leap Forward? (2 parts) | In 2 weeks, double production |
9. What are the effects of the commune system? | Split up families to work on different parts of farms. Peasants did not like this but they liked the great leap Great leap forward: 20 million people dead Did not work |
Communism (1966-1976 Cultural Revolution)
| |
1. What is the goal of the Cultural Revolution? | To gain the younger generation. Get them involved in maintaining a perfect communist society |
2. Who is leading the Cultural Revolution? | Red Guards |
3. What are the effects of the Cultural Revolutions? | Many innocent people are abused, tortured. They lose everything and the country is brought to a standstill. It only ends with Mao’s death |
The Four Modernizations(Deng Xiaoping late 1970’s to 1997)
| |
1. Who takes over after Mao’s death? | Deng Xiaoping |
2. What are Xioaping’s goals for China? | Modernize China, make it a world power |
3. What are the 4 modernizations? | Agricultural reform, update the military, developing science, expand industry |
4. What happened at Tiananmen Square? | Protests by students were happening for normal reforms for a long time. China sent their army and the students left but adults came and the army massacred and killed many. Several thousand died. The Chinese government denies it ever happened. |