lab respiratory -2025-03-03T15:07:49.895Z

Respiratory Physiology Overview

• Understanding key concepts related to lung capacities and respiratory conditions.

Lung Capacities

• Functional Residual Capacity (FRC):

  • Comprises two components:

    • Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV): The additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after the expiration of a normal tidal volume.

    • Residual Volume (RV): The volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximal exhalation.

  • FRC is vital for maintaining gas exchange and preventing lung collapse (atelectasis).

• Total Lung Capacity (TLC):

  • The maximum amount of air the lungs can hold, typically about 6,000 mL on average.

Hyperventilation

• Defined as rapid and deep breathing, often triggered by anxiety or panic.

• Impact on Blood pH:

  • Blood pH increases, leading to a more alkaline state.

  • Reason: The body expels carbon dioxide (CO2) quickly.

• Bicarbonate Buffer Equation:

  • Results in a left shift of the reaction:

    • Decrease in CO2 concentration causes a reduction in the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+), resulting in an increase in pH.

  • Condition: Leads to respiratory alkalosis where pH rises above normal due to decreased H+ concentration.

Hypoventilation

• Characterized by slow or shallow breathing.

• Impact on Blood pH:

  • Blood pH decreases, making it more acidic.

  • Reasons: Accumulation of CO2 increases H+ ions in the blood.

• Bicarbonate Buffer Equation:

  • Causes a right shift in the reaction:

    • Increase in CO2 concentration leads to a higher concentration of H+, resulting in a decrease in pH.

  • Condition: Results in respiratory acidosis where pH drops below normal due to increased H+ concentration.

Practical Application

• Focus for upcoming practical exam:

  • Emphasis on the Respiratory System, Lymphatic System, and Immune Responses.