Introduction to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) (2022)

Introduction to Neurodevelopmental Disabilities (NDDs)

Definition

Neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs) are a group of disorders that primarily affect the development of the nervous system, leading to impairments in personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. These disabilities are characterized by atypical development of the brain and nervous system, which can manifest in challenges related to communication, behavior, and learning.

Importance

Understanding NDDs is crucial for several reasons:

• High Prevalence: Research indicates that approximately 1 in 6 children in the U.S. is diagnosed with an NDD, highlighting the need for awareness and intervention strategies.

• Impact on Families: NDDs can have profound effects on the families of affected children, necessitating support and services to manage day-to-day challenges.

Presenter Background

Name

Novi Ramirez (she/her)

Education

Novi is currently a graduate student pursuing a degree in social work at Sacramento State University. She has specialized training through the LEND (Leadership Education in Neurodevelopmental and Related Disabilities) program, which focuses on improving the lives of individuals with NDDs through interdisciplinary education.

Professional Experience

Novi has hands-on experience working in child care settings for adults with various disabilities and has completed an internship at the renowned UC Davis Mind Institute, where she gained insight into research and clinical practices related to NDDs.

Personal Connection

Novi's personal interest in NDDs arises from her family background, where she has relatives with Down syndrome and autism, driving her commitment to advocacy and education in this field.

UC Davis Mind Institute

Overview

Founded in 1998 by families impacted by NDDs, the UC Davis Mind Institute is dedicated to advancing research and dissemination of knowledge regarding neurodevelopmental disorders.

Focus Areas

• Research: Conducting studies to understand the causes and developing treatments for NDDs.

• Awareness: Raising awareness about these disabilities in the community and among professionals.

• Prevention and Treatment: Working on initiatives aimed at preventing NDDs and improving therapeutic methodologies.

Role

The Mind Institute plays a vital role in developing collaborative networks among researchers, practitioners, families, and policymakers to enhance the quality of life for individuals with NDDs.

LEND Training Program

Structure

The LEND program consists of three key components: seminars, clinical placements, and community placements, aimed at providing comprehensive training to participants.

Participants

The program is inclusive of diverse participants, including clinicians, family members of those with NDDs, self-advocates, and policymakers, ensuring a well-rounded understanding of the challenges faced.

Goals

• Enhance education on neurodevelopmental disabilities for various stakeholders.

• Improve coordination of services for families navigating the NDD landscape.

Why Learn About NDDs?

Prevalence

The increasing identification and diagnosis rates indicate a significant need for awareness and understanding of NDDs.

Educator Role

Teachers play a crucial role in the early identification of NDDs. They can recognize signs and refer children for testing and support, acting as advocates in the educational setting.

Historical Context

There is a growing emphasis on the use of respectful and inclusive language regarding NDDs, which is critical for fostering an understanding and supportive environment.

Key Terminology and Language

Person-First Language

This approach prioritizes the individual over the disability, promoting a more respectful dialogue (e.g., saying "a person with autism" instead of "an autistic person").

Avoid Negative Terms

Negative terminology such as "afflicted" or "handicapped" should be avoided to foster positivity and reduce stigma; instead, use empowering and inclusive language.

Common Acronyms

• ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

• ASD: Autism Spectrum Disorder

• IEP: Individualized Education Plan

Causes and Variation of NDDs

Causes

The exact causes of NDDs are often unknown, but potential contributing factors include:

• Low birth weight

• Exposure to environmental toxins

• Genetic predispositions

• Prenatal exposure to harmful substances

Severity and Support Needs

Severity varies widely among individuals with NDDs, impacting the level and type of support required in areas such as communication, social skills, and daily activities.

Common NDDs and Support Strategies

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Characteristics

Symptoms include inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and difficulties with self-regulation.

Support Strategies

• Create welcoming classroom environments.

• Facilitate opportunities for self-regulation.

• Implement behavior-specific praise and reward systems.

• Utilize visual aids for instructions to support learning.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Characteristics

Individuals with ASD may face challenges in communication, social interaction, and may exhibit restrictive or repetitive behaviors.

Levels of Functioning

• Level 1: Requires support and has difficulty initiating social interactions.

• Level 2: Requires substantial support, with limited social engagement.

• Level 3: Requires very substantial support, experiencing severe communication deficits.

Classroom Support

Strategies may include play therapy, managing sensory overload, using visual schedules, and providing choices to foster engagement.

Visual and Hearing Impairments

Accommodations

Implement corrective devices, due seating adjustments, and choose classroom settings that are conducive to learning.

Learning Disabilities

Signs

Common indicators include late talking, pronunciation difficulties, distractibility, and challenges in following routines.

Response

Engage in discussions with parents and consider evaluations to explore the best support options for children showing signs of learning disabilities.

Cerebral Palsy

Definition

Cerebral palsy is characterized by movement and posture disorders, requiring specific accommodations in educational settings to facilitate inclusion.

Conduct Disorders

Characteristics

These disorders involve emotional and behavioral issues, often leading to conflict and aggression.

Teacher Involvement

Educators are integral in understanding and guiding children facing these challenges, promoting positive behavioral strategies.

Referral Process and Resources

Steps to Take

• Communicate with parents regarding concerns.

• Refer children for assessments to understand their needs better.

• Provide information on local resources such as Help Me Grow and the CDC's Learn the Science Act Early initiatives.

Importance of Early Intervention

Early identification and intervention can lead to significantly improved outcomes for children with NDDs, facilitating access to necessary services and support.

Conclusion

Recognizing the critical role that teachers and educational professionals play in the early identification and ongoing support of students with NDDs is essential. Education and advocacy can greatly contribute to the success and development of these individuals, enhancing their futures and empowering their families.

Final Message

A heartfelt appreciation for educators' dedication to fostering student development and ensuring the success of all children, especially those with NDDs.