7.1-7.3

• ottomans were trying to reform themselves and indsutrialize ot surgvive thier decline

• tanzimat reforms

• young ottomans had been educated and wanted political change to make ottomans democratic

• authoritarian sultan allowed for parliament to be created

• he took his power back soon though, making yougn turks rise up

• wanted compelte ottoman modernization

• very nationalistic

• overthrew sultan and made many reforms

• impelmetning these nationalistic policies alientaed mayn in teh emprie thoruhg, makign these groups experience natoinalism adn fracture the empire

• all in all led to demise of ottomans

• r

russian revolution

• russia was a bit industrialized after alexander the ii

• middle class was resenting czar authoritairan policesi though adn wanted more power

• working class was suffering and wanted better lives

• russian revolution of 1905 sprouted

  • some deamnds were accomodated

  • constution, labor unions, parties

  • were ignored though

• after wwi russian revolution of 1917 took place

• vladimir lenin led this

  • leader of bolsheviks

• revolution successful!

• soviet union estbalished as communist state

qing china

• china was experiencing overwhleming western ifnleunce

• taiping rebellion cost millions of lives

• lost opium and sino-japanese wars

• society of righteous and harmoneous fists led boxer rebellion against qing atuhroties

  • western powers had to send help to stop it

  • they tehn watned gretaer demands and carved up spheres of influence

• sun yat-sen got power and ended imperial rule in china

• he estbalished short provisional government

• china emerged as communist under mao zedong

mexican revolution

• porfirio diaz ruled as a dictator and hurt everyone

• everyone joined ot oust him

• fransisco madero was elected but assassinated

• massive civil war and millions of deaths

• 1917: revolution emerged as a republic with a constitution

7.2 main causes of wwi

• MAIN acronmy

• militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism

• militarism

  • building up strong militaires was necessary to protect a nation

  • industrialization facilitated this extremely

  • germany was unified and militarized, creating concern in many (france)

  • britain and germany had competing militaries

• alliance system

  • triple alliance of germany, italy, and hungary-austria (central powers)

  • triple entente of france, britain, and russia (allied powers)

• imperialism

  • incredible expansion of colonial holdings

  • countries wanted to project power through size

  • germany wanted more power

  • little territory left to conquer to existing colonies were fought over

• nationalism

  • emphasis of glory and commonality of its own people and demonizing enemies

assassination

• spark of wwi

• serbian nationalist gavrilo princip assassination archduke franz ferdinand of austria

• nationalism motivated this assassination

• this ideology also made austria-hungary see a blatant personal attack by serbia against them

• alliances were triggered within days, wars were declared by everyone on everyone, and wwi began

7.3 how world war i was fought!!!

• trench and stalemate warfare

• total war!

• governments used strategies to keep morale up

• demonized enemies and exaggerated the war

• called up colonial subjects to fight (forced)

• end of war: usa entering on allied side (triple entente)

• german sinking o flusitania and zimmerman telegram motivated american involvement

• war ended with treaty of versailles

• central powers had lost