Electric Field: The electric field can be found by taking the negative gradient of the electric potential.
If two elements are perpendicular, their dot product is zero.
If they are parallel, the dot product is 1 or -1, depending on their direction.
Path of Integration: When finding electric potential differences, only the components of the path that align with the electric field contribute.
Example: Path A to C aligns with the electric field, contributing to potential difference.
Path A to D and D to B shows a similar situation to A to C.
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