1013CCJ - T1 2024 - Module 2 Summit - Student Version-1

Page 1: Welcome and Reminders

• Session Commencement: 2:00 p.m. (AEST)

• Reminders:

  • Keep camera and microphone off unless in small groups or reporting.

  • Be mindful of netiquette (internet manners).

  • Session is recorded, including chat.

• Instructor: Dr. Lacey Schaefer

Page 2: Module Introduction

• Module 2 Summit: Definitions and Measurements for 1013CCJ: Introduction to Criminology and Criminal Justice

• Institution: School of Criminology and Criminal Justice

Page 3: Acknowledgement of Country

• Recognition of traditional custodians of the land by Griffith University.

• Respect paid to Elders, past and present, and all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

Page 4: Apologies

• Institution: Griffith University, Queensland, Australia

Page 5: Summit Overview

• Overview of the Module 2 Summit at Griffith University, Queensland, Australia

Page 6: Module 2 Content Overview

• Key Topics:

  • Questions?

  • Module 1: The Criminal Justice System

  • Module 2:

    • Defining Crime

    • Measuring Crime

  • Course reminders

Page 7: Questions Section

• Section dedicated to questions at Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.

Page 8: Module 1 Focus

• Overview of the Criminal Justice System at Griffith University, Queensland, Australia

Page 9: Theoretical Underpinnings

• Basis of Criminal Justice System: 'social contract'

• Exchange of freedoms for rights with an agreement to abide by the law.

• Authority to punish for wayward conduct and reliance on various theories for punishment.

Page 10: Criminal Justice System Dynamics

• Not a singular 'system'; features:

  • Separation of powers

  • Non-integration but alignment

  • Jurisdictional fragmentation and lack of coordination

Page 11: Components of the Criminal Justice System

• Major components:

  • Police

  • Courts

  • Corrections

  • Affiliated organizations (public/private) and social services

Page 12: Criminal Justice System Processes

• Flow of typical processes and outcomes within the criminal justice system:

  • Offence recognition and investigation stages

  • Charging, adjudication, and sentencing processes

  • Possible outcomes (including appeals and community corrections)

• Visual summary based on the Productivity Commission 2018 report.

Page 13: Decision-Making in Criminal Justice

• Survey results on surprising decision-making actors:

  • Magistrate or judge: 20.4%

  • Prosecutor: 7.5%

  • Public: 7.5%

  • Other actors: corrections officer, victim, police officer, offender

Page 14: Statistics on Criminal Justice

• Workforce and capacity data:

  • 50k+ sworn police officers

  • 17k+ prison officers

  • 100+ custodial correctional facilities

  • Daily correctional populations: 100k+ (40k+ custodial)

  • Average costs per prisoner per day: $215

  • Community corrections population: 60k+ (avg. cost $22)

  • Corrections system operating at 116% capacity

Page 15: Public Opinion on Criminal Justice

• Indermaur & Roberts (2009) study findings:

  • Confidence in police and court effectiveness and corruption levels.

  • Corrections: High levels of lack of confidence in rehabilitation and deterrence capabilities.

Page 16: Perceptions of Sentencing

• Average citizen perception: sentencing too lenient

• Judges and magistrates typically impose harsher punishments than public suggests.

Page 17: Deterrence Insights

• Distinction between general and specific deterrence

• Statistics demonstrating overestimation of imprisonment effects on crime rates

• Recidivism data: 1/4 of detainees re-arrested within three months, 1/2 of ex-prisoners revert to corrections in two years.

Page 18: Module 2 Focus

• Title: Defining Crime at Griffith University, Queensland, Australia

Page 19: What Is a Crime?

• Definitions of crime:

  • Dictionary-based

  • Legal

  • Harm-based and human rights perspectives

Page 20: Perceptions of Crime Harms

• Comparison of harm caused by different substances on individuals and communities:

  • Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription drugs, Illicit drugs

Page 21: Types of Offences

• Distinctions among:

  • Criminal offenses

  • Regulatory offenses

  • Civil offenses

Page 22: Law Origins by State

• Overview of criminal law sources in different Australian states and territories:

  • Criminal codes vs. Common law

• Historical context of law drafting by Sir Samuel Griffith in the 1890s.

Page 23: Trends in Criminalisation

• Changes in criminalized behaviors driven by:

  • Social and technological changes

  • Evolving morality

  • Campaigns for legal reform

Page 24: Sentencing Purposes and Principles

• Key purposes of sentencing:

  • Retribution, Deterrence (general and specific), Incapacitation, Rehabilitation, Alternative justice forms.

Page 25: Additional Resources

• Further details available on Module 2 Meanderings and Musings page

Page 26: Controversies in Sentencing

• Discussion points:

  • Truth in sentencing

  • Concurrent/suspended sentences

  • Parole policies

  • Mandatory vs. discretionary sentencing

Page 27: Module 2 Focus

• Title: Measuring Crime at Griffith University, Queensland, Australia

Page 28: Importance of Measurement

• Crime measurement influences crime definition, prevention, and responses.

Page 29: Current Opinions on Crime Epidemics

• Public opinion poll results regarding ICE epidemic perceptions

Page 30: Community Attention on Rare Offences

• Factors driving community focus on rare crimes and moral panic.

Page 31: Understanding Crime Data

• Gatekeeping role of community members in the justice system

• Explanation of the 'dark figure of crime'

Page 32: Data Sources

• Types of crime data:

  • Administrative, Offender data, Victimization data, Observational data

Page 33: Crime Classification Schemes

• Overview of ANZSOC categories including homicide, assault, robbery, etc.

Page 34: Offence Classifications

• Variability in definitions and measurements affecting time and place comparisons.

Page 35: Researching Crime

• Types of studies:

  • Quantitative studies

  • Qualitative studies

Page 36: Course Reminders

• Overview of reminders related to upcoming course tasks.

Page 37: Assessment Information

• Key assessment details including timelines and requirements for Assessment 1, covering Modules 1, 2, and 3.

Page 38: Next Steps for Students

• Preparation steps for assessments and familiarity with course requirements.

Page 39: Questions Section

• Open floor for questions at Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.