Ionic bonding

Describe how an ionic bond is formed

Element (metal) donates electrons to another element (non metal) accepting those electrons

Cation element donating electrons → positive

Anion elements accept electrons → negative

The electrostatic attraction between the cations and anions that hold the lattice together is called ionic bonding.

The new cations and anions then arrange themselves into a large 3D lattice

• Ionic compound (salt) is a substance created from metal( dontate electrons and non metal( accept electron

Explain the properties of an ionic compound.

• high boling point high melting point → attraction is stronger (electrostatic

• Brittle

  • When force is applied, the interaction with similarly charged particles cause them to repel, and in turn causing the compound to splinter/shatter. (3d

• Common question in test why do ionic compounds in water carry a charge but solids dont

  In the solid state, the ions (which are charged particles) are fixed in place and cannot carry charge.

  When dissolved in water, the ions become mobile and can carry charge.

Solubility: The size and charge of the ions involved in an ionic compound affect their solubility. Larger ions of lower charge are likely to have higher solubility. Substances with high lattice energy are likely to be less soluble in solvents like water.

Specific questions

1. Explain how an ionic compound is formed.

2. Describe the structure of an ionic compound.

3. Explain why a crystal of sodium chloride can not carry an electric charge, however when it is dissolved in water, the resulting solution can.

4. When a salt crystal is struck with a hammer, it shatters into many smaller pieces. Using your knowledge of ionic lattices, explain how this occurs.

5. Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?