Desktop Multi Media Exam 2

Lecture - Carp

What are the four basic design principles?

• The four basic design principles are contrast, alignment, repetition, and proximity.

What is contrast and how do you create contrast?

• Contrast is the difference between elements in a design, such as color, size, shape, or texture. You create contrast by making elements distinctly different from one another, such as using a large font for a heading and a small font for body text, or pairing dark colors with light colors.

What is the purpose of contrast?

• The purpose of contrast is to draw attention, create visual interest, and organize information by making certain elements stand out.

Describe the purpose and value of alignment.

• Alignment ensures that elements in a design are visually connected, creating a clean and organized layout. It helps guide the viewer’s eye and improves readability and professionalism.

Define repetition.

• Repetition is the consistent use of design elements (like colors, fonts, or shapes) throughout a project to create unity and reinforce branding.

What is proximity and what does it achieve?

• Proximity refers to grouping related items close together to show their relationship. It helps organize information, reduce clutter, and make the design easier to understand.

How to increase your visual awareness?

• To increase visual awareness, study design principles, analyze well-designed works, practice sketching and designing, and pay attention to details in everyday visuals.

Lecture - Color

Describe the assignment of codes to colors.

• Colors are assigned codes in various systems, such as RGB (Red, Green, Blue), Hexadecimal, or CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key/Black). These codes represent specific color values for digital or print media.

What are the different kinds of color models?

• The main color models are RGB (used for screens), CMYK (used for printing), and HSL/HSV (Hue, Saturation, Lightness/Value).

What is the difference between RGB and Hexadecimal color code?

• RGB uses three numbers (0-255) to represent red, green, and blue, while Hexadecimal uses a six-digit code (e.g., #FF0000 for red) to represent the same RGB values in a more compact format.

Distinguish between additive and subtractive color schemes?

• Additive color (RGB) combines light to create colors, where all colors combined make white. Subtractive color (CMYK) combines pigments, where all colors combined make black.

Define color palettes.

• A color palette is a set of colors chosen for a design project to ensure consistency and harmony.

What is dithering?

• Dithering is a technique used to simulate colors not available in the palette by mixing pixels of available colors.

Describe what a color wheel is and which different color schemes are generally mounted on a color wheel?

• A color wheel is a circular diagram of colors used to show relationships between colors. Common color schemes include monochromatic, complementary, analogous, and triadic.

Can colors be associated with moods and affects? How?

• Yes, colors evoke emotions. For example, red can signify passion or danger, blue can evoke calmness, and yellow can represent happiness or energy.

Lecture - File Formats and Typefaces

Describe bitmaps.

• Bitmaps are images made up of pixels, where each pixel stores color information.

What is the purpose of bitmaps?

• Bitmaps are used for detailed images like photographs, where each pixel can represent subtle color variations.

What are the differences between vectors and bitmaps?

• Vectors use mathematical equations to create scalable images, while bitmaps are pixel-based and lose quality when resized.

What are pixels?

• Pixels are the smallest units of a digital image, each containing color information.

What is the role of pixel depth?

• Pixel depth determines the number of colors a pixel can display. Higher depth allows more colors and better image quality.

Define resolution.

• Resolution refers to the number of pixels in an image, typically measured in DPI (dots per inch) or PPI (pixels per inch).

Describe pixilation.

• Pixilation occurs when an image is enlarged too much, making individual pixels visible and the image appear blurry.

What kind of resolution do screens and printed images exhibit?

• Screens typically use 72-96 PPI, while printed images require 300 DPI for high quality.

What are the different kinds of graphic file formats?

• Common formats include JPEG, PNG, GIF, TIFF, and SVG.

What are JPEG images and why are they preferred?

• JPEG is a compressed format ideal for photographs due to its small file size and good quality.

What is compression?

• Compression reduces file size by removing unnecessary data.

What is the difference between lossy and lossless compression?

• Lossy compression reduces file size by permanently removing data, while lossless compression retains all data.

Compare and contrast GIF and JPEG formats.

• GIF supports animation and transparency but is limited to 256 colors. JPEG supports millions of colors but does not support transparency or animation.

What is a typeface?

• A typeface is a set of characters with a consistent design, such as Times New Roman or Arial.

What is a font?

• A font is a specific style and size of a typeface, such as Arial Bold 12pt.

What are the different styles of font?

• Font styles include regular, bold, italic, and bold italic.

What is a font case and font size?

• Font case refers to uppercase or lowercase letters. Font size is the height of the characters, measured in points.

What is the difference between serif and sans serif?

• Serif fonts have small decorative strokes (e.g., Times New Roman), while sans serif fonts do not (e.g., Arial).

How to make text legible and attractive?

• Use appropriate font size, contrast, alignment, and spacing to ensure readability and visual appeal.

VDP Chapter 11

What is the purpose of writing a book?

• The purpose is to communicate ideas, educate, entertain, or preserve knowledge.

What are the different elements of visual design and what is their purpose?

• Elements include line, shape, color, texture, and space, used to create visually appealing and functional designs.

What is a page map?

• A page map is a layout plan showing the placement of text, images, and other elements on a page.

What are the different principles of visual design pertaining to unity, balance, sequence, proportion, and emphasis?

• Unity ensures all elements work together. Balance distributes visual weight evenly. Sequence guides the viewer’s eye. Proportion creates harmony. Emphasis highlights key elements.

What is the difference between design structure, grid structure, and shape structure?

• Design structure refers to the overall layout. Grid structure uses a grid for alignment. Shape structure organizes elements based on shapes.

VDP Chapter 12

What is typeface?

• A typeface is a set of characters with a consistent design.

How do you select typefaces?

• Choose typefaces based on readability, purpose, and aesthetic appeal.

Define type family, type block, display type, letter spacing, and word spacing.

• Type family: A group of related typefaces. Type block: A block of text. Display type: Large, attention-grabbing type. Letter spacing: Space between letters. Word spacing: Space between words.

Define leading, line length, and alignment.

• Leading: Space between lines. Line length: Width of a text block. Alignment: Positioning of text (left, right, center, justified).

How to achieve design unity through type selection?

• Use consistent typefaces, sizes, and styles throughout the design.

VDP Chapter 20

What are print-media advertisements?

• Print-media ads are promotional materials in newspapers, magazines, or brochures.

What is a page map and which elements can achieve the right design?

• A page map organizes text, images, and other elements for a balanced layout.

What is typography and its associated characteristics?

• Typography is the art of arranging text. Characteristics include font choice, size, spacing, and alignment.

What is a competitive environment?

• A competitive environment refers to the market where businesses compete for attention.

VDP Chapter 21

What are brochures and how to create a brochure with adequate visual design?

• Brochures are folded informational materials. Use contrast, alignment, and imagery for effective design.

What are key aspects to consider when designing a brochure?

• Consider target audience, content hierarchy, and visual appeal.

What is the difference between internal die and external die?

• Internal die refers to cuts within the brochure, while external die refers to the outer shape.

What is a graphic format?

• A graphic format is a file type for storing images, such as JPEG or PNG.

VDP Chapter 22

What is a newsletter?

• A newsletter is a periodic publication with updates or information.

What are the different components of a newsletter? Describe each.

• Components include headlines, body text, images, and call-to-action.

Why does a designer attempt to balance variety in a newsletter?

• To maintain reader interest and avoid monotony.

What is a dingbat?

• A dingbat is a decorative character or symbol.

What is a drop cap?

• A drop cap is a large initial letter at the start of a paragraph.

The Non-Designer’s Web Book Chapter 6

Why is it important to follow strict alignment guidelines?

• Strict alignment creates a clean, organized, and professional design.

What is the principle of proximity?

• Proximity groups related items together to show their relationship.

What is repetition?

• Repetition uses consistent design elements to create unity.

Define a focal point?

• A focal point is the area that draws the viewer’s attention.

Why is contrast important?

• Contrast highlights key elements and creates visual interest.

Define: 1) paragraph 2) break.

• Paragraph: A block of text. Break: A space or line separating content.

The Non-Designer’s Web Book Chapter 9

Define the CMYK color model?

• CMYK is a subtractive color model used in printing, combining Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Key (Black).

What is the RGB color model?

• RGB is an additive color model used for screens, combining Red, Green, and Blue.

What is spot color?

• Spot color is a pre-mixed ink used for specific colors in printing.

What is a color palette?

• A color palette is a set of colors chosen for a design.

Define the following: 1) bit depth 2) pixels 3) monitor resolution 4) browser-safe colors.

• Bit depth: Number of bits used to represent color. Pixels: Smallest units of an image. Monitor resolution: Number of pixels on a screen. Browser-safe colors: Colors that display consistently across browsers.

What is the relationship between pixels and colors?

• Pixels store color information, and their arrangement creates an image.

How to create web-safe colors?

• Use colors from the 216-color web-safe palette.

Multimedia Making It Work Chapter 2

What is HTML?

• HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language for creating web pages.

What is the power of English?

• English is a widely understood language, making it effective for global communication.

What are fonts, styles, points, and typefaces?

• Fonts: Specific styles of typefaces. Styles: Variations like bold or italic. Points: Unit of font size. Typefaces: Design of characters.

What are character metrics and kerning?

• Character metrics: Measurements of characters. Kerning: Space between specific letter pairs.

What do you know about serif and sans serif?

• Serif fonts have decorative strokes, while sans serif fonts do not.

Define pixilation and rasterization?

• Pixilation: Visible pixels in an image. Rasterization: Converting vectors to pixels.

What is an intercap?

• Intercap is capitalizing the first letter of each word in a compound word (e.g., PowerPoint).

Which key aspects or principles should you know when choosing fonts?

• Consider readability, purpose, and aesthetic appeal.

What are breadcrumbs?

• Breadcrumbs are navigational aids showing the user’s location on a website.

What is portrait and landscape?

• Portrait: Vertical orientation. Landscape: Horizontal orientation.

What are font foundries?

• Font foundries design and produce typefaces.

What is font mapping?

• Font mapping substitutes unavailable fonts with similar ones.

What is the hypertext system and why is it important?

• Hypertext allows non-linear navigation through linked text, essential for web browsing.

Who is a fontographer?

• A fontographer designs and creates typefaces.

What are hypermedia structures and hypertext tools?

• Hypermedia combines text, images, and links. Hypertext tools create and manage linked content.

Multimedia Making It Work Chapter 3

What are images?

• Images are visual representations, such as photographs or illustrations.

What are bitmaps?

• Bitmaps are pixel-based images.

What formats are images stored in?

• Common formats include JPEG, PNG, GIF, and TIFF.

What are the characteristics of each format?

• JPEG: Compressed, good for photos. PNG: Lossless, supports transparency. GIF: Supports animation. TIFF: High quality, large file size.

What are the different bitmap sources and software?

• Sources include cameras and scanners. Software includes Photoshop and GIMP.

What is morphing?

• Morphing is transforming one image into another through animation.

What is a vector and how to achieve vector drawing?

• Vectors use mathematical equations for scalable images. Use software like Adobe Illustrator.

How to achieve 3D drawing and rendering?

• Use 3D modeling software like Blender or Maya.

What is additive and subtractive color?

• Additive: RGB, combines light. Subtractive: CMYK, combines pigments.

What are the different computer color models?

• Models include RGB, CMYK, and HSL/HSV.

What is dithering?

• Dithering simulates colors by mixing pixels.

**What is lossless and lossy in terms of image file compression