Note
Studied by 205 peopleNoteStudied by 18 peopleNoteStudied by 21 peopleNoteStudied by 32 peopleNoteStudied by 20 peopleNoteStudied by 4 peopleWeek 2 Infectious Disease Epidemiology
- What is Epidemiology?
The study and analysis of the incidence, distribution and control of diseases
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- What is disease epidemiology?
- Deals with one population e.g humans
- Risk is a case
- Identifies causes
- E.g cancer (radiation source)
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- What is infectious disease epidemiology?
- Two or more populations e.g human and pathogen
- A case is a risk factor
- The cause is often known
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- Give examples of two or more populations in infectious disease epidemiology
- Humans
- Infectious agents: Helminths, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses, prions
- Vectors: Mosquito (protozoa-malaria), Snails (helminths-schistosomiasis), Blackfly (microfilaria-onchocerciasis)
- Animals: Dogs and sheep/goats : Echinococcus, Mice and Ticks: Borrelia
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- What is infectious disease epidemiology used for?
- Identification of causes of new, emerging infections, e,g HIV, vCJD, Zika, SARS-CoV2
- Surveillance of infectious disease
- Identification of source of outbreaks
- Studies of routes of transmission and natural history of infections
- Identification of new interventions
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- What is an infectious disease caused by?
infectious agent
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- What is communicable diseases caused by?
Transmission directly or indirectly from an infected person
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- What is a Transmissible disease caused by?
Transmission through unnatural routes from an infected person
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- Give examples of routes of direct transmission
- Skin-skin: Herpes type 1
- Mucous-mucous: STIs
- Across placenta: toxoplasmosis
- Through breast milk: HIV
- Sneeze-cough: Influenza
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- Give examples of routes of indirect transmission
Food-borne: salmonella
Water-borne: Hepatitis A
Vector-borne: Malaria
Air-borne: Chickenpox
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- What are 3 types of modes of disease transmission?
Contact transmission
Vehicle transmission
Vector Transmission
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- What are some pathogens that cross the placenta?
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- What is the time line for an infection?
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- What are the outcomes of infection?
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- In terms of transmission what is index case?
The first case identified
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- What is primary case?
The case that brings the infection into a population
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- What is secondary case?
Infected by a primary case
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- What is tertiary case?
Infected by a secondary case
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- What is epidemiologic triad?
Disease is the result of forces within a dynamic system consisting of:
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- How do you calculate Infectivity (ability to infect)?
(number infected / number susceptible) x 100
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- How do you calculate pathogenicity (ability to cause disease)?
(number with clinical disease / number infected) x 100
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- Virulence (ability to cause death)
(number of deaths / number with disease) x 100
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- What are Koch's postulates to identify the microbial cause of specific diseases?
- Microbe must be present in every case of the disease but not in healthy organisms
- Microbe must be isolated from a disease host and grown in pure culture
- Disease must be reproduced when a pure culture Is introduced into a non-disease susceptible host
- Microbe must be recoverable from an experimentally infected host
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- What is endemic?
Transmission occur, but the number of cases remains constant within a certain area
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- What is Epidemic?
A rapid increase in the number of cases in a certain area
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- Whats a pandemic?
When epidemics spread and occur at several continents - a global epidemic
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- Would a world without microbes be safe?
No - we need microbes
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NoteStudied by 205 peopleNoteStudied by 18 peopleNoteStudied by 21 peopleNoteStudied by 32 peopleNoteStudied by 20 peopleNoteStudied by 4 people