Study Flashcards Set Chapter 2-4 Ethics

For an action to be considered a moral action, it must be                                    .

voluntary

deliberate

rational

Correct!

All of the above

Question 2

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Your friend offers you some moral advice: "If you can't say anything nice, don't say anything at all."
Your friend has espoused what kind of moral theory?

Descriptive ethics

Correct Answer

Normative ethics

Applied ethics

You Answered

Metaethics

Question 3

1 / 1 pts

When we start asking questions about why some moral principles are the way they are, or about the rules which guide those principles, we are doing                        .

descriptive ethics

normative ethics

applied ethics

Correct!

metaethics

Question 4

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If an ethicist were to write a book narrating her observations of moral behavior in a Vietnamese village, what level of ethics is she doing?  (She does not list the villagers' rules nor attempt to evaluate their actions as good or bad.) 

Correct!

Descriptive ethics

Normative ethics

Metaethics

Applied ethics

Question 5

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If we are constructing a moral argument, and we establish a premise based upon a truth evaluable state of affairs in the real world (as opposed to a subjective viewpoint)  we are building a premise on                                                      .

Correct!

moral objectivism

intuition

subjective relativism

moral relativism

Question 6

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                   is the universalization of moral principles to construct rigid moral laws, laws which have no exceptions. 

Moral emotivism

Correct!

Moral absolutism

Moral relativism

Moral objectivism

Question 7

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A valid deductive argument, in which all the premises are true, will always necessarily provide a true conclusion.

Correct!

True

False

Question 8

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Stating explicitly what something is or stating explicitly what something is not are useful qualities of                       reasoning.

inductive

Correct Answer

deductive

cogent

You Answered

reductive

Question 9

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If a term is too vague or a conclusion it too broad, you can use                            - instances which prove a generalization false.

fallacies

particulars

You Answered

deduction

Correct Answer

counterexamples

Question 10

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Cogent inductive arguments lend                     support to a conclusion.

absolute

certain

Correct!

probable

almost no

Chapter 3

Question 1

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_____________ are prevailing moral attitudes culturally maintained and enforced by members of a particular moral community

Rights

Laws

Correct!

Moral norms

Myths

Question 2

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The tendency for moral concerns to supersede other prevailing considerations is a phenomenon known as _____________ .

Correct!

the primacy of moral norms

a myth

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

the Mariana Trench

Question 3

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"Moral facts" are only true for people who believe that morality is informed by nature.

True

Correct!

False

Question 4

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In a group activity, one member of the group continually tries to control who gets the opportunity to contribute, who gets to vote and make decisions about what the group does, and exclude some members from particular privileges or positions. This group member is exhibiting ____________ behavior.

hasty generalization

appeal to majority

gaslighting

Correct!

gatekeeping

Question 5

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_____________ promotes both practice and reflection; it means thoughtful, practical doing.

Reacting

Responding

Action

Correct!

Praxis

Question 6

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For Arendt, an individual establishes their formal identity only when __________________ .

they are about eighteen or nineteen

show sufficient moral maturity

Correct!

they are engaged in activity with others

when they assert dominance or control over others

Question 7

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Internet trolling _______________ .

has a meaning and a target

is a deliberately offensive or provocative online post with the aim of upsetting someone or eliciting an angry response from them

is designed to look and feel indistinguishable from a genuine attack

Correct!

All the above

Question 8

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One major problem with the mantra, "don't feed the trolls," is that the second you treat them as a "constant" or inescapable part of your community, you have given them permission.

Correct!

True

False

Question 9

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According to the author of your textbook the, viewpoint that the law is based on consensus among legislators is ___________________ .

legal negativism

Correct!

legal positivism

legal authority

hog-wash

Question 10

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We can establish ___________________ by pointing to some moral fact about the nature of reality or by pointing to some moral social convention which is universally accepted as a moral norm

Correct!

moral objectivism

a didactic

proof we are right

proof others are wrong

Chapter 4

Question 1

1 / 1 pts

Either the point at which people are willing to do bad in order to bring about the good, or the point at which people are no longer willing to allow the good because of the bad side effects is called                                     .

compromise

tipping-point

moral threshold

moral dilemma

Question 2

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As opposed to Jeremy Bentham, who believed all goods were quantifiably equal, John Stewart Mill argued that goods                                                 .

are qualitatively different

are unable to make us happy

corrupt society

matter less than our actions

Question 3

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When something has intrinsic value, it means that                                            .

it is accepted in any economic system

it has a specific use-value for attaining some other good

we can utilize it instrumentally as we see fit

it is good for its own sake, in and of itself

Question 4

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Because we are unable to know the future, and accurately predict how our moral actions will turn out, utilitarians may experience                                  wherein they are unable to make moral decisions in a timely manner. 

generalized anxiety

a moral dilemma

moral paralysis

a no-win situation

Question 5

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                                is a consequentialist moral theory where the moral correctness is determined by maximizing the overall happiness of the acting moral agent only, not for the greatest number.

Selfishness

Ethical egoism

Utilitarianism

Ethics of self-care

Question 6

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According to Mill's harm principle, "the only purpose for which power may be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community... is to prevent harm to others."

True

False

Question 7

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Utilitarian moral consideration require of us ________________________ - that we assume every individual has equal moral weight.

dogmatic faith

non-judgement

moral egoism

impartiality

Question 8

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John Stuart Mill believed that ________________ is more important that attaining happiness.

our moral duty

eliminating suffering

being free

nothing

Question 9

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Ethical egoism means acting in one's own self-interest, which is essentially the same as always acting purely selfishly.

True

False

Question 10

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The problem with rule-utilitarianism is that _______________________________________.

even when we have established a rule, we must still stop to consider whether or not putting that rule into action will bring about the greatest happiness

moral consequences are meaningless in determining right from wrong

it tells us what to do without an adequate explanation as to why

it focuses way too much on duty and not enough on the consequences of our moral actions