Chapter 7 ID's

Who: 1000 enslaved men Led by enslaved man named Gabriel
When: August 1800
Where: Richmond, Virginia
What: plan to end slavery in VA by attacking Richmond, setting fires in warehouse district, attack white residents, seize weapons, and capture James Monroe. Plan failed b/c two enslaved men told masters about plan, they reported to authorities + bad weather = postponed attack → Monroe + militia had more time to catch the conspirators
Why: Led to increased restrictions on free people of color + showed white residents that slaves could carry out a sophisticated and violent revolution + showed white attempts at suppressing news of slave revolts failed

Who: Black abolitionist
When: 1829
Where: Boston Massachusetts
What: wrote an appeal that called for resistance against slavery & racism
Why: gave free black and slaves message that they can’t be excluded from conversations about liberty & equality + encouraged them to fight for their freedom & equality + made whites fear that a revolt could happen → more limits on people of color

Who: White Publications
When: 1810’s
Where: Boston Massachusetts
What: White publications mocked black Americans as buffoons, and ridiculed their calls for abolition & equal rights.
Why: Became basis for racist ideas during 19th C. + showed black americans’ presence in political conversation was significant enough to require ridicule + need to reinforce obvious difference b/w blacks and whites showed that the differences b/w them weren’t very obvious

Who: Thomas Jefferson
When: 1784
Where: Virginia
What: declared black people couldn’t improve mentally & that they might be evolved from different ancestors (polygenesis) + used idea of polygenesis to justify schemes for a white America, wanted to gradually send freed black people back to Africa + belief that black & whites “incompatible” or too different to coexist & African colonization = solution to America racial problem.
Why: received backlash from antislavery & black communities + defenders proposed idea that blacks were completely a different species from whites but white Americans forced to acknowledge that “whitening” in black community came from sexual violence not the environment.

Who: Jefferson Administration/America & France
When: 1803
Where: Louisiana
What: Jefferson authorized purchase of Louisiana from France, wanted access to New Orleans (important port for western farmers). France secretly reacquired LA but napoleon wanted to cut losses b/c of Haitian revolution & yellow fever outbreak. Napoleon offered to sell LA for $15 million to US ($250 million today)
Why: largest real estate deal in US history, crowning achievement of Jefferson administration

Who: America & Europe
When: 1807
Where: America & Europe
What: “peaceable coercion” by closing American ports to all foreign trade in hopes of avoiding war w/ Europe nations (Spain, England, France) & response to British impressment of US sailors + attack on USS Chesapeake
Why: it hurt the US economy, people resorted to smuggling goods outside of US, Jefferson used gov’t powers to enforce compliance → labeled tyrant + criticized by federalists

Who: Jefferson’s enslaved Laborer & half-sis to Martha Jefferson (wife)
When: 18th C. to 19th C.
Where: Virginia
What: Jefferson’s enslaved Laborer & half-sis to Martha Jefferson (wife), had sexual relations with Jefferson and had children with him.
Why: Used by James Callender to criticize Jefferson and suggest that Jefferson’s sexual relation w/ a slave comprised his racial integrity

Who: a prophet from the Shawnee Indians
When: 19th C.
Where: North America
What: created towns in Indiana (Greenville & prophetstown) in defiance of the Treaty of greenville (1795). traveled from canada to georgia calling for unification, resistance, & restoration of sacred power.
Why:

Who: Tecumseh & Tenskwatawa
When: 19th C.
Where: North America
What: a confederation of native Americans in the great lakes region made to stop white Americans from settling in the northwest territory
Why: offered native groups a distinctly native american identity and joined many groups together under a common spirituality and led to witch hunts because those who opposed the confederacy were labeled witches and thought to be accommodating the Americans

Who: Red Stick Creek prophet
When: 19th C.
Where: Southeast of North America
What: a prophet who accompanied Tecumseh when he toured the southeast in 1811, also a leader of the red sticks who adopted religious tenets from the north and made his own religious practices for the Red Sticks
Why: caused Red Sticks to join Tecumseh in his resistance movement and to purge their society of its euro-american dependences

Who: Native american group in Great Lakes
When: 19th C.
Where: Southeast North America
What: a native american group apart of the creek faction that joined the techumseh confederacy and adopted religious tenets from the north and made their own religious practices
Why: They were some of the only support that Tecumseh had in the southeast and stood by him but as a result they were in a civil war w/ the other creek groups and were ulimatley defeated in the Battle of Horseshoe bend by Andrew Jackson and allied creek groups.