module 8 notes

lesson 1

the 1970s

white house

• nixon was the first president to visit china since the communist party took over

• he also began talking with the soviet union to limit production of nuclear weapons

  • SALT talks

• detente: easing of tensions between nations, mainly used in referencing the 1970s period of the cold war

• after watergate nixon resigned and ford became president

• ford and jimmy carter both struggled with foreign and economic problems

social concerns

• in the 1970s americans saw a return to more conservative politics

• feminism was still strong but lost steam as the fight for the equal rights amendment (era) dragged on without success

review

• This conflict between Israel and Egypt and Syria led to the oil embargo on the United States.

  • yom kippur war

• The high point of President Carter's term in the White House, this event helped bring some peace to Israel and Egypt.

  • camp david accords

• This issue of the 1970s, made worse by high inflation and conflict in the Middle East, helped encourage the environmental movement in the United States.

  • energy crisis

• This group represents countries whose most valuable resource is oil

  • organization of the petroleum exporting countries (opec)

• This is the process of countries around the world increasingly sharing cultural, political, and economic ties

  • globalization

• These talks brought a period of détente between the United States and USSR.

  • strategic arms limitation talks (salt)

lesson 2

the 1980s

reagonomics

• reagan won the election in part because of voters’ confidence in his ability to fix the economy

• displaced workers left the rust belt for the sun belt in search of jobs and lower taxes

• Reagan's plan for the economy focused on cutting taxes, reducing the size of government, and eliminating certain controls over business, called deregulation

• deregulation included removing rules that forced car and truck companies to reduce the emissions of their products and increase safety features, also relaxed rules in banking and savings and loan industries to help encourage loans for people to buy houses and start businesses

• while cutting spending many places, reagan increased defense spending

• reaganomics: term used to describe reagan’s economic policies during the 1980s which included reducing taxes, limiting government spending on social programs and decreasing regulations on businesses and the economy

foreign policy

• reagan doctrine: reagan’s foreign policy of supporting anti-communist revolutions through direct and indirect means during the cold war

cold war ends

• in 1980s, mikhail gorbachev took control of the soviet union and implemented 2 programs

  • perestroika: economic reform that included removing restrictions on private ownership, reducing government oversight on trade, and allowing for foreign investment in Soviet industry

  • glasnost: political reform targeting corruption that began to allow freedom of the press, access to government information, and citizen protest of government policy

• both leaders were eager to prevent nuclear proliferation in their own territory and around the globe

matching review

• President Ronald Reagan

  • demanded the tearing down of the berlin wall

• Mikhail Gorbachev

  • enacted reforms that opened his country politically and economically to public input

• Deregulation

  • part of Reaganomics

• South and West

  • regions with fastest-growing populations in later 20th century

• Nicaragua

  • where Contras fought with money from the United States

• Lebanon

  • where a U.S. embassy and marine barracks were bombed

• Famine in Africa

  • focus cause for Live Aid concert

• Chernobyl

  • site of 1986 nuclear accident

• Mariel

  • port that Castro opened, allowing 125,000 Cubans to head for the United States

lesson 3

a new millennium

politics and elections

• george bush (1989-1993) followed reagan as president but a recession hit from 1990-1991

• voters elected bill clinton in 1992 and suceeded in reforming the welfare system, expanding trade and eliminating the budget deficit

  • had an impeachment trial based on his personal life and affairs

more elections

• election 2000

  • george w bush took on al gore, very close election and neither candidate won more than 50% of the popular vote

  • scandal with the state of florida

• election 2008

  • barack obama became the first african american to serve as president

economics

• despite reagan and bush, a negative balance of trade continued to worsen in the 1980s

• both presidents tried to correct this imbalance and create jobs

quiz questions

• which of the following statements is true regarding immigration in the 1990s

  • illegal immigration increased despite stricter laws and an increased limit for legal immigration

• which of the following is an example of how technology has played a role in globalization

  • the internet has made instant business communications possible around the world

• how did hurricane katrina lead to renewed concerns over civil rights in the united states

  • the government was slow to respond and most of the victims were poor african americans

• which of the following grew to be significant social movements of the 1990s

  • environmental and lgbt rights

• how was the election of 2008 important

  • marks the first time a major political party has nominated an african american for its presidential election

lesson 4

terrorism and human rights

• 1970 hijackings of 5 airplanes by members of the popular front for the liberation of palestine (pflp)

  • called dawson’s field crisis

  • part of the plo, palestinian liberation organization

lesson talks about terrorism events and what it does to society, changes and outcomes

review term

terms

• globalization

  • the process of creating stronger cultural, economic, and political ties between countries

• detente

  • the easing of tensions between nations, usually used in reference to the 1970s period of the Cold War

• deregulation

  • to free something such as an organization or industry from rules that limit their activity

• perestroika

  • economic reform that included removing restrictions on private ownership, reducing government oversight on trade, and allowing for foreign investment in Soviet industry

• glasnost

  • political reform targeting corruption that began to allow freedom of the press, access to government information, and citizen protest of government policy

• nuclear proliferation

  • the expansion of nuclear weapons to new countries during and following the Cold War

• rust belt

  • an informal name for portions of the Midwest and Northeast which were major industrial and manufacturing centers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries

• sun belt

  • an informal name for the South and Southwest, which tend to have warmer climates and had large population growth from the 1960s to the present

• apartheid

  • racial segregation enforced through laws and allowing one race to dominate another

modern events

• Exxon Valdez

  • Tanker accident leading to a 10-million gallon oil spill off the coast of Alaska

• Rwandan Genocide

  • Civil war between the Hutus and Tutsis in which up to one million Tutsis were killed

• election of 2008

  • Resulted in the election of the first African American president

• election of 2000

  • Included disputes over voting methods and the legality of voting recounts, specifically in Florida

• uss cole

  • Al-Qaeda-led attack on U.S. Naval ship in Yemen

• anthrax letters

  • Biological attack on media sources and legislators that killed five

• bosnian genocide

  • Murder and mistreatment of hundreds of thousands of ethnic Albanian Muslims which led to a NATO bombing campaign

• Columbine Shooting

  • Attack by high school students on their classmates; deadliest in U.S. history