Anti-Infective Homework Review

Anti-Infective Agents

Cefoperazone

• Can cause flushing, thirst, palpitations, and vertigo when combined with alcohol.

Cystic Fibrosis

• Aerosolized antibiotics are consistently used for cystic fibrosis (CF).

Aminoglycosides

• Used primarily for gram-negative infections.
• Aerosolized for treating cystic fibrosis.

Cephalosporins

• Inhibit cell wall synthesis.

Macrolides

• Inhibit protein synthesis.

SPAG Unit

• Operates on the principle of jet shearing.

Pentamidine Administration

• Precautionary measures include:
  • Using a nebulizer system with one-way valves and an expiratory filter.
  • Administering aerosol in a negative-pressure room.
  • Using barrier protection.
  • Stopping nebulization if the patient takes the mouthpiece out of their mouth.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

• Can cause bronchiolitis and pneumonia.

Tetracyclines

• Effective against: protozoa, mycoplasmas, rickettsiae, gram-positive, and gram-negative microorganisms.

Penicillin

• Major adverse reaction is hypersensitivity.

Ribavirin

• Trade name is Virazole.

Pneumocystis jiroveci

• Treated with TMP-SMX.
• Prophylaxis with Pentamidine.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Fluoroquinolones are effective against lung infections in CF patients (oral).

Pathogen Identification

• Common specimens: blood, urine, sputum, pleural fluid, stool.

Device for Pentamidine Delivery

• Respirgard.

Device for Ribavirin Delivery

• SPAG.

DPI Limitations

• Patient ability to provide adequate inspiratory flow rate (30-90 L/min).