GEOL 103 Final KSU

These depict the distribution of rock units at Earth's surface using colors, lines, and special symbols.

Geologic maps

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These depict arrangements of formations and their contacts along a vertical slice of earth.

Geologic cross sections

These combine a geologic map and cross-section to depict geologic formations exposed on the surface and in the subsurface.

Block diagrams

What does each color on a geologic map represent?

A geologic unit

What does the second and third letters of the name abbreviation symbol for geologic units represent?

The specific name of the geologic unit

The outcrop pattern of a vertical bed on a horizontal surface is narrower than a dipping unit of the same thickness.

True

When eroded to a horizontal surface, synclines (and basins) have the youngest beds exposed in the outside and the beds become progressively older toward the center

False

When eroded to a horizontal surface, anticlines (and domes) expose the oldest beds in the center and the beds become progressively younger outward.

True

What is the definition of dip?

The angle of tilt at right angles to the strike

A contour line is only used for representing elevation on topographic maps.

False

What is the formula for calculating gradient?

[vertical distance (rise)]/[horizontal distance (run)]

What is NOT a landscape feature you might encounter on a topographic map?

Brindle

Generally, contour lines do not intersect each other.

True

If a hilltop is at an elevation of 1000 feet and the valley below has an elevation of 250 feet, then what is the relief?

750

On a topographic map, declination is the difference between magnetic north and true north.

True

There is a hyperlink in the pre-lab reading for downloading free topographic maps from the USGS.

True

A stream starts at its mouth and ends at its headwater.

False

Which of these is NOT a major type of drainage pattern?

Circular

A continental divide separates watersheds that flow into one ocean from those that flow into another ocean.

True

Using the equation for discharge, calculate the discharge of a stream with the following characteristics. Cross-sectional area: 30m^2. Average velocity: 10m/s.

300

The ability of a stream to erode its bedrock depends on the velocity and _______ of water and on the amount of sediment present within the water.

Volume

When erosion occurs on the outer edge of meanders, ________ are the result.

Cutbanks

A _________ is a wedge shaped deposit formed from accumulated sediment

Delta

A risk is a potential source of harm or adverse effects to a person or persons.

True

What is the annual probability for a "50 year" flood to occur?

50%

According to the pre-lab reading, the most recent major flood to affect the Kansas River was in 1993.

True

An area where groundwater is replenished is called a _________.

Recharge zone

Where discharge (or extraction of water via wells) is less than recharge, the volume of groundwater is reduced.

False

Groundwater is stored and/or transmitted in a permeable rock unit called an _______.

Aquifer

In arid environments, physical weathering is more important than chemical weathering due to lack of water.

True

In arid climates ________ and _________ are physically and chemically resistant ridge formers.

Limestones and sandstones

Arid landscapes are typically described as_______.

Angular

Alluvion fan

Vast areas covered by sand dunes are called sand seas, or _______, and occur in arid or semiarid climates.

Ergs

Dune shapes only result from wind direction.

False

During wind transportation of sediment, large sand grains bounce or hop along the surface in a process called __________.

Saltation

Sand dunes will never migrate from their original location.

True

_________ result when evaporation exceeds both precipitation and runoff, these lakes precipitate out salts as the lakes dry out.

Playa lakes / salt pans

A farmer is drilling a well on the top of a hill with an elevation of 550ft. The depth to the unconfined aquifer below is 80ft. What is the hydraulic head in ft.?

470

Another farmer drilled two wells, one with a hydraulic head of 500ft. and another well 0.5 miles away from the first with a hydraulic head of 430ft. What is the hydraulic gradient between the two wells in ft/mi?

140

Groundwater can always be recharged very quickly. It will never take thousands of years.

False

On the Earth's surface, groundwater dissolution is expressed as ________.

Karst topography

The _________ assists any businesses or land owners that need to have contaminants removed from the groundwater on their property.

Environmental protection agency