American Pageant Chapter 19 Review APUSH

Northern Resistance

"Uncle Tom's Cabin" by Harriett Beecher Stowe (1852)
Inspire many northerners to resist the Fugitive Slave Act
Brought morality argument to the slavery debate
- Exposed the horrors of slavery to a Northern& European audiences
Lincoln: "So you' re the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war."

It was assumed that Kansas would become a slave state and Nebraska would be a free state
Pro slavery and anti- slavery flood into Kansas
- New England Emigrant Aid Company: sent free soil settlers to the area
- From Missouri pro slavery "border ruffians" come into Kansas
Two rival governments set-up
- Topeka-free soil
- Lecompton- slave government
Republican Party is formed as a response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act

Charles Sumner (Senator from Mass.) gives a speech condemning events in "Bleeding Kansas"
- Insults Senator from South Carolina Andrew Butler
Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina enters Congress and beats Sumner with a cane.
Violence over slavery in Kansas had spread to Congress

1st time Republican party runs a candidate for the Presidency
- John C. Fremont
Democrats pick James Buchanan
- Picked because he had nothing to do with Kansas-Nebraska Act
Know Nothing Party picked Millard Filimore
- Anti-immigrant and Anti Catholic

Abe Lincoln (Republican) debates Stephen Douglas (Democrat) for the Illinois Senate in 1858
7 debates held
Lincoln challenges Douglas on Dred Scott decision: Could slavery be prevented in the territories
- Dred Scott decision said no
- Douglas takes the position (Freeport Doctrine) that territories could limit slavery
- Southerners are pissed
Results
- Douglas keeps Senate seat
- Lincoln becomes national figure
- Southerners are angry
- Democrats will be split in 1860

John Brown hopes to spark a slave revolt in 1859
Attempts to seize the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry
It does not go well
- Charged with treason and hung
Impact
- South is outraged
- Brown becomes a martyr to abolitionist
- Immediate cause of secession

The issue of slavery had divided the Democrats
- Northern Democrats favor Stephen Douglas
- Popular sovereignty & enforce Fugitive Slave Act
Southern Democrats favor John C. Breckinridge
- Allow slavery in the territories
- Annex Cuba

Lincoln and the Republican party platform
- For the free-soilers: no extension of slavery in territories For the northern manufacturers: a protective tariff
- For the Northwest: a Pacific railroad
- For the farmers: free homesteads (land)
Southern secessionist threaten to leave Union if Lincoln wins

Republican party wins the Presidency for the 1st time But Lincoln is a “minority" President
- Southerners see him as a sectional President
- Not on ballot in 10 southern states

South Carolina votes to secede in December 1860
Eventually 7 southern states leave the union before Lincoln even takes office
- See him as a sectional President hostile to slavery
Confederate States of America is formed Jefferson Davis chosen as President
Lame Duck President Buchanan does nothing to stop secession
- From November 1860 to March 1861
- Does not believe secession is legal

Last ditch attempt to avoid a major crisis
Hope to calm southern fears:
- The return of the Missouri Compromise idea
- Slavery prohibited in territories north of 36'30
- Slavery allowed in territories south of 36 300
- Lincoln rejects this Position of Republican party was no extension of slavery in the territories
==Before Lincoln even takes office 7 southern states have left the union!==