American Pageant Chapter 19 Review APUSH

Northern Resistance

• "Uncle Tom's Cabin" by Harriett Beecher Stowe (1852)
• Inspire many northerners to resist the Fugitive Slave Act
• Brought morality argument to the slavery debate
    * Exposed the horrors of slavery to a Northern& European audiences
• Lincoln: "So you' re the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war."

Result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act

• It was assumed that Kansas would become a slave state and Nebraska would be a free state
• Pro slavery and anti- slavery flood into Kansas
    * New England Emigrant Aid Company: sent free soil settlers to the area
    * From Missouri pro slavery "border ruffians" come into Kansas
• Two rival governments set-up
    * Topeka-free soil
    * Lecompton- slave government
• Republican Party is formed as a response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act

Bleeding Kansas

• Sack of Lawrence 1856- Free Soil town attacked by pro- slavery forces
• Pottawatomie Creek - John Brown and his homies attack pro slavery forces
• By 1856 Civil war in Kansas between pro slavery and anti-slavery forces

The Beat Down

• Charles Sumner (Senator from Mass.) gives a speech condemning events in "Bleeding Kansas"
    * Insults Senator from South Carolina Andrew Butler
• Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina enters Congress and beats Sumner with a cane.
• Violence over slavery in Kansas had spread to Congress

Election of 1856

• 1st time Republican party runs a candidate for the Presidency
    * John C. Fremont
• Democrats pick James Buchanan
    * Picked because he had nothing to do with Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Know Nothing Party picked Millard Filimore
    * Anti-immigrant and Anti Catholic

Lecompton Constitution

• 1st challenge for President Buchanan
• Lecompton Constitution
    * Pro-slavery
    * Free Soilers boycott the election
• Supported by President Buchanan
    * Rejected by Congress

Dred Scott Case

• Dred Scott was a slave who sued for his freedom
• Dred Scott case goes to Supreme Court in 1857
• Roger Taney was the Chief Justice (a Southern Democrat)
    * African Americans are not citizens of the United States
      * Could not sue
    * Since slaves are property, they could not be taken away (Constitution)
    * Congress could not makes laws regarding slavery in the territories
      * Missouri Compromise unconstitutional

Lincoln Douglas Debates

• Abe Lincoln (Republican) debates Stephen Douglas (Democrat) for the Illinois Senate in 1858
• 7 debates held
• Lincoln challenges Douglas on Dred Scott decision: Could slavery be prevented in the territories
    * Dred Scott decision said no
    * Douglas takes the position (Freeport Doctrine) that territories could limit slavery
      * Southerners are pissed
• Results
    * Douglas keeps Senate seat
    * Lincoln becomes national figure
    * Southerners are angry
      * Democrats will be split in 1860

John Brown at Harper’s Ferry

• John Brown hopes to spark a slave revolt in 1859
• Attempts to seize the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry
• It does not go well
    * Charged with treason and hung
• Impact
    * South is outraged
    * Brown becomes a martyr to abolitionist
    * Immediate cause of secession

Election of 1680

Democrats Split

• The issue of slavery had divided the Democrats
    * Northern Democrats favor Stephen Douglas
      * Popular sovereignty & enforce Fugitive Slave Act
• Southern Democrats favor John C. Breckinridge
    * Allow slavery in the territories
    * Annex Cuba

Republican Party

• Lincoln and the Republican party platform
    * For the free-soilers: no extension of slavery in territories For the northern manufacturers: a protective tariff
    * For the Northwest: a Pacific railroad
    * For the farmers: free homesteads (land)
• Southern secessionist threaten to leave Union if Lincoln wins

Results

• Republican party wins the Presidency for the 1st time But Lincoln is a “minority" President
    * Southerners see him as a sectional President
      * Not on ballot in 10 southern states

Secession

• South Carolina votes to secede in December 1860
• Eventually 7 southern states leave the union before Lincoln even takes office
    * See him as a sectional President hostile to slavery
• Confederate States of America is formed Jefferson Davis chosen as President
• Lame Duck President Buchanan does nothing to stop secession
    * From November 1860 to March 1861
    * Does not believe secession is legal

Crittenden Compromise

• Last ditch attempt to avoid a major crisis
• Hope to calm southern fears:
    * The return of the Missouri Compromise idea
      * Slavery prohibited in territories north of 36'30
      * Slavery allowed in territories south of 36 300
    * Lincoln rejects this Position of Republican party was no extension of slavery in the territories
• ==Before Lincoln even takes office 7 southern states have left the union!==