Rome

• Plain: A large area of flat or gently sloping land.

• Patricians: Wealthy aristocrats in ancient Rome.

• Plebeians: Common people in ancient Rome.

• Consuls: Two elected officials who were the chief magistrates of the Roman Republic.

• Senate: The main legislative and advisory body in ancient Rome, originally composed of patricians.

• Tribunes: Elected officials in ancient Rome who protected the rights of the plebeians.

• Punic Wars: A series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage for control of the western Mediterranean Sea.

• Latifundias: Large landed estates or farms worked by slave labor in ancient Rome.

• First Triumvirate: An unofficial political alliance of Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus.

• Crossing the Rubicon: A phrase meaning to pass a point of no return, originating from Julius Caesar's march into Italy with his army.

• Second Triumvirate: An official political alliance of Octavian, Mark Antony, and Marcus Lepidus.

• Battle of Actium: A naval battle in 31 BC in which Octavian defeated the forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra.

• Augustus: The title given to Octavian, meaning "exalted one," marking the beginning of the Roman Empire.

• Twelve Tables: The earliest written collection of Roman laws.

• Forum: The central public space in ancient Roman cities, often used for markets, assemblies, and judicial proceedings.

• Pax Romana: A period of relative peace and stability in the Roman Empire, lasting for about 200 years.

• Aqueducts: Artificial channels used to transport water, typically from a distant source.

• Martyr: A person who is killed because of their religious or other beliefs.

• Mercenaries: Professional soldiers hired to serve in a foreign army.

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