The Integumentary System

Layers of the Skin

Epidermis

• outermost layer
• protects against fungus, bacteria, and viruses
• senses, used to water-proof internal organs
• protects against UV rays through melanin
• layers of the epidermis
    * stratum corneum
    * stratum lucidem
      * only in thick parts of the skin, eg. hands, feet
    * stratum granulosum
    * stratum spinosum
    * stratum basale

Dermis

• sense of touch
• regulation of body temperature
    * oil, hair production
• immune responses

Subcutaneous Layer

• insulation
• shock absorption — protects internal organs

Burns

First-Degree Burns

• penetrate the epidermis

• pain and reddening

• can be treated with over the counter pain relievers, aloe vera cream, and antibiotic ointments with loose gauze

Second-Degree Burns

• penetrate the epidermis and the dermis
• pain, reddening, swelling, and blistering
• same treatment as first degree if mild; should be treated as third-degree if severe

Third-Degree Burns

• penetrate the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers
• white, blackened, and charred skin
• numbness
• complications include infection, shock, hypothermia, and blood loss
• need immediate attention by a medical professional
• treatment options
    * IV fluids
    * skin grafting
    * epiburn
    * ibuprofen
    * antibiotics and pain medication
    * high-protein diet
    * breathing support
    * reconstructive strategy
    * escharatomy
    * counseling/therapy (mental repercussions)