STD's

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) – Summary

Definition:
STDs (or STIs) are infections spread mostly through sexual contact. They can also be transmitted by blood, shared needles, or from mother to child. They are caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.

Six Examples of STIs:

1. Chlamydia

• Cause: Bacteria

• Symptoms: Often none; possible pain during urination, discharge

• Cure/Prevention: Antibiotics; use condoms, get tested

2. Gonorrhea

• Cause: Bacteria

• Symptoms: Burning urination, genital discharge, some no symptoms

• Cure/Prevention: Antibiotics; use protection, limit partners

3. Syphilis

• Cause: Bacteria

• Symptoms: Painless sore, rash, fever; can lead to organ damage

• Cure/Prevention: Curable with penicillin; practice safe sex

4. HIV

• Cause: Virus

• Symptoms: Early flu-like symptoms, then none; can develop into AIDS

• Cure/Prevention: No cure, but controlled by medication (ART); use condoms, avoid needle sharing, PrEP

5. Genital Herpes

• Cause: Virus (HSV)

• Symptoms: Painful blisters, itching; some have no symptoms

• Cure/Prevention: No cure; medicine reduces outbreaks; avoid sex during outbreaks

6. HPV

• Cause: Virus

• Symptoms: Often none; can cause warts or cancer

• Cure/Prevention: No cure; vaccines available; screening, condom use

Three Implications of STDs:

1. Health Risks: Can cause infertility, cancer, organ damage

2. Emotional Effects: Shame, anxiety, social stigma

3. Financial Costs: Expensive treatment, especially for long-term infections like HIV