topic 2 lesson 4 managing materials continued

respiratory system

• respiratory system- brings air containing oxygen to your body and removes carbon dioxide and water

• the lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system

• other structures:

  • nose- moistens the air you breathe

  • trachea- aka the wind pipe

  • bronchi- the two passages that bring air into the lungs

  • alveoli- tiny thin walled sacks where gasses move between air and blood

organs of the respiratory system

• organs:

  • 1- lungs: main organ

  • 2- pharynx: tube like passageway at the top of the throat

  • 3-alveoli: gas exchange occurs here (oxygen/ carbon dioxide)

  • 4- bronchi: narrow tubes that lead into the lungs

  • 5- trachea: a tube that serves as the body’s windpipe

  • 6- epiglottis: flap at the lower end of the pharynx

  • 7- bronchioles: small tubes of the respiratory system

  • 8- larynx: a triangle shaped area that holds the vocal chords

• cellular respiration- process cells use to break down glucose to make energy

  • requires oxygen and makes carbon dioxide

  • breathing the exchange of gases inside/outside the body

  • inhale- rib muscles contract

  • exhale- opposite happens, diaphragm releases

process of gas exchange

• gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) move between the alveoli and the blood

• once the air enters the alveoli, oxygen passes through the capillary walls into the blood

  • at the same time, carbon dioxide and water pass through from the blood into the alveoli

excretory system

• excretion- process of removing waste

• main organs:

  • kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra, lungs, skins and liver

• waste would include carbon dioxide, excess water, and other materials

Kidneys

• two bean shaped organs that filter blood and regulate water

• urea- chemical made from the breakdown of proteins

• most water is excreted as urine

  • urine is a mix of urea and water

• liquid waste collects in the bladder and leaves through the urethra

• nephron- a small filtering structure that removes waste from blood and produces urine

Lungs, Skin, and Liver

• integumentary system (skin)

  • sweat glands in skin release water