Renaissance Review

Political/Military - Causes for historical events including governments, laws, parties, war, strategies, armies, leaders, etc.

Social/Economic - Causes for historical events including classes, race/gender, disease, medicine, trade, supply/demand, currency, nat. Resources, etc.

Cultural/Intellectual - Causes for historical events which include scientific advancements, religion, new ideas, etc.

Renaissance - A period of rebirth based on Ancient Greek & Roman ideals where ideas and goods spread throughout Europe, art flourished during this period, starting in northern Italy and spreading to all of Europe. (1300-1600)

Secular - Worldly topics

Crusades - Religious campaigns to take back the holy land

Pope Urban II - The pope who ignited the Crusades

Looting - after defeating the towns or cities in battle, they looted them, finding silks and spices

Silks and Spices - A large economic cause for the Renaissance, causing high demand in Europe after being brought back from the Crusades.

Merchants - set up trade routes to meet the demand for silks and spices

Patrons - People who supported the artists monetarily.

Black Death - A bubonic plague epidemic that occurred between 1346 and 1353

symptoms - included tiredness, swelling lymph nodes, disrupted blood cells, and death.

Death rate -  ⅓ to ½ of the population will die, dropping down to 75 million, spread because infected rats get on boats, infect sailors, sailors.

Feudal System - A system in which a lord gave people land and protection and worked for them in return.

Mongols - East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia.

“Eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow you may die.” - a quote from the black death period convincing people to spend money on things they would otherwise have because they may die the next day.

Hundred Years War- Weaken nobility and was a cause of the Renaissance 

Longbow and cannon- Weapons that gave power to the peasant (longbow) and the kings (cannons)

Great Schism -Division of the church two popes weakened the catholic church weakened also caused the renaissance  

Pope Gregory - pope before the great schism that died and didn't have a son

Urban VI and Clement VII- The Popes that Started the Great Schism

Venice, Milan, Florence, and Genoa- Italian major port city-states

Middle ages - controlled by church, use secondary sources(church-approved), everything in Latin (services and writing), viewed humans as insignificant and sinful, all topics of writing and painting were religious

Renaissance - controlled by church, kings, and wealthy middle class, use primary sources, everything in the vernacular, viewed humans as good, and can improve, topics were secular, art flourished

Humanism- Emphasizes improvement and human potential to be good

Renaissance Man and Woman - Men: Athletic, Educated, Artistic, Use skills for city state/kingdom, Women: Graceful, Educated, “Inspire” Art instead of creating it, Use skills to support husband/father

Dante- Italian Writer and poet

Petrarch- French Poet

Linear Perspective, etc. - Styles of art created by Italian artists

Vanishing point - a spot where all lines go

Renaissance artists. Di Vinci, Michelangelo, Donatello, brunelleschi

The Italian and Northern Renaissance Artists

The Courtier- A book created to explain how to be a good companion of a queen, king, or other ruler in their official home, especially in the past. Explains that they must be physically strong and be able to enjoy themselves.

Prince - a book written by Machiavelli, explains how to be a good prince, “it is better to be feared than loved, and “the ends justify the means” meaning that if you did something bad but it was for a good purpose then it is okay.

Christian Humanism- Belief in a better life and improvement

Christine de Pizan- first woman to earn a living as a writer, wrote “the book of the city of ladies”

Thomas Moore- Believed in a sense of equality different then John Knox wrote “utopia”  

Erasmus- Dutch priest, thought that all people should study bible, but he didn't like how the church was becoming greedy by selling indulgences, wrote “The praise of folley”

William shakespear - added 3000 words to the english language, created many famous plays

Michalangelo - realistic style when drawing human body

Donatello - sculptor, sculpted david and was the first to have a large, free standing sculpture

Da vinci - studied realism, studied how the muscle moves

Raphael - realism focusing on expressions

Anguissola and Gentileschi - Renaissance women that trained with their dad

Patroh and Boccaccio - humanism, poet, tragic and comical stories

Printing Press- Spread books and papers get ideas around quicker, first book is the Gutenberg bible, it is 500x fast than writing, cheaper books, reading rate goes from 1% to 10%

Impacts of Renaissance

1. More people can read

2. Church loses power

3. Advance learning and spread new ideas

4. New techniques = more realism in art

5. Traditional societal rules changing

6. Vernacular:Local Language 

7. Secular topics: Worldly Topic

8. Increase in education