Government and Tribal Sovereignty

Types of Government

Anarchy: 

• No governing body, state of disorder
• Do not believe in authority and coercive forms of government
• No source of power
• Absence of power at national level, at local level coercion is used to take power
• Example: Craz in Washington

Aristocracy:

• Ruled by the smaller privileged upper class
• Passed through generations
• Originated in Greece
• Aristotle created it, tends to have honorary titles
• Source of power is formal authority, power given because of position
• Example: Britain’s royal family

Communism: 

• All property is publicly owned
• Everyone works and is paid according to their needs and abilities
• Heavy progressive income tax
• Source of power is formal authority
• Example: Cuba – Fidel Castro took over government in 1959, became totally communistic by 1961

Democracy/Republicanism:

• Governed by the people (directly or through elected representatives)
• Originated in Athens during 5^th century BC
• Source of power is formal authority, persuasion used for elections
• Example: The United States of America

Federalism:

• Two levels of government control the same territory
• One national and one state/area level
• Both must be in agreement to make decisions
• Source of power is formal authority through elected officials, persuasion is used for elections
• Example: The United States of America

Feudalism:

• System in Europe in which a lord owned all the land while other people (serfs) farmed the land
• Source of power is rewards, land in exchange for labor
• No upward mobility
• Peasants must pay a tax/fee depending on their amount of labor
• Example: 12^th century England

Kleptocracy:

• Corrupt leaders take advantage of their power in order to embezzle their country’s funds
• Gain money through a variety of methods (bribes, special favors, direct government funds to their personal bank accounts)
• Source of power is coercion and rewards
• Example: Former Indonesian President Suharto

Monarchy:

• Absolute Monarchy
• when the monarch holds unlimited power and is not limited by written laws
• Often times passed down through hierarchy
• Source of power is coercion, rewards, and formal authority
• Symbolic Monarchy
• No real power (no source)
• Monarch has no real political power, acts as a symbol
• Example: Sultan of Brunei, Hassanal Bolkiah
• Example: England’s monarchy

Oligarchy:

• Small group of people hold complete power
• Typically determined by wealth, but can be by other
• Example: 19^th century England

Theocracy:

• Government led by divine guidance or a group people who are divinely guided
• Source of power is coercion
• Example: Iran’s theocratic republic

Totalitarianism:

• One party control without question, generally small group
• Controls every part of citizens daily lives
• Usually has secret police and concentration camps
• Source of power is formal authority, coercion, and persuasion
• Examples: Soviet Union, North Korea, Nazi Germany

Military Dictatorship:

• Dictatorship in which those with military expertise have total political authority
• Source of power is formal authority, coercion, and expertise
• Example: Sudan
  

Tribal Sovereignty Vocab

• Cede – to give up, usually power or territory.
• Abrogate – to repeal or rescind, usually a law or agreement.
• Negotiate – to work something out through discussion.
• Aboriginal – inhabiting somewhere before the arrival of colonizers; native/indigenous.
• Sovereign – to have the right to self-govern. When referring to a nation, to act independently.
• Deplete – to use up resources of or to exhaust.
• Scarcity – a limit of resources when there is a great need for it.
• Fiduciary – involving trust, especially relating to the relationship between a trustee and a beneficiary.
• Trust (Land trust) – an agreement whereby one party (the trustee) agrees to hold ownership of a piece of real property for the benefit of another party (the beneficiary).