Intermolecular Forces of Attraction

% by mass = (mass of solute(g) / mass of solution(mL)) × 100%

% by volume - (volume of solute(g)/volume of solution(mL))

% by mass-volume = (mass of solute (g) / volume of solution (mL)) × 100%

Mass of solute (m) = Molarity (M) × Volume (L) × Molar mass (g/mol)

Solution Stoichiometry

Molarity - # of moles of solute dissolved in a solution

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution

Molality - # of moles of solute dissolved in 1 kg solution

Molality (m) = moles of solute / mass of solvent (kg)

Stoichiometry

350 mL of 0.40 M HCl ?g Ca(OH)₂

1. HCl (Solvent) + Ca(OH)₂ (Solute) —> CaCl₂ + H₂O

2. 2 HCl + Ca(OH)₂ —> CaCl₂ + 2 H₂O

3. Convert mL to L, 350 mL to 0.350 mL

4. Solve 0.350 L HCl x (0.40 mol HCl / 1 L HCl ) x (1 Mol Ca(OH)₂ / 2 mol HCl ) x ( 74.06 g/mol Ca(OH)₂ / 1 mol Ca(OH)₂ )

= 5.18 g Ca(OH)₂

2.