Mughal Empire

Mughal Empire Overview

• Ruled India from 1526 to 1857.

• Controlled territories in Afghanistan, Balochistan, and most of India.

Founding and Early History

• Founded by Zahiruddin Mohhamad Babur, a descendant of Genghis Khan.

• Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the First Panipat War to enter India.

Characteristics of the Empire

• Known as the Gunpowder Empire.

• Religion practiced: Islam.

• The empire was characterized by great size, wealth, and cultural achievements.

Major Emperors

• Babur: Founded the Mughal Empire, defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the First Panipat War.

• Humayun: Babur's son who faced challenges from Afghan and Rajput rulers; restored the empire after being exiled.

• Akbar: Expanded the empire significantly.

• Jahangir: Known for his patronage of the arts and administration; son of Akbar.

• Shah Jahan: Ruled from 1627, known for creating the Taj Mahal, one of the biggest Mughal architectural achievements.

• Aurangzeb: Continued the expansion but faced decline post his death in 1707.

Cultural Contributions

• The Mughals left behind many heritage buildings, literature, and paintings.

• Created beautiful gardens known as Jahanara.

Decline of the Empire

• The Mughal emperors gradually grew less involved in good governance.

• Failure to modernize technology contributed to decline.

• Increased taxation and little investment in agricultural development weakened the economy.

• The empire ultimately fell under British rule.