APush chapter 17

Homestead Strike

• Workers blockade the steelworks and mobilize support from the local community 

• Seven workers and three agents were killed

Cotton industry

• Glut of cotton on world market due to the interruption of the Civil War 

  • Expansion of cotton in other countries such as India, Egypt, and Brazil 

  • Cotton prices decline 

    • Cause debt for small farmers, threatened with loss of their land 

• Cotton factories 

Populist Party

• Farmer Alliance

  • Largest citizens movement of the 19th century 

  • Founded in TX in the late 1870’s

  • Federal govt should establish warehouses where farmers could store crops until sold 

  • Crops as collateral - issue loans to the farmers 

• Evolve into the People’s Party 

  • Platform

  • Adopted at Omaha Convention 

  • Describe nation as on the edge of political, moral, and material ruin 

    • Political corruption and economic inequality

  • Represent all producing classes 

1893 Depression

• Increased tensions between labor and capital 

  • Federal govt often side with the business vs workers 

• Coxey’s Army 

• Pullman Strike 

Pullman Strike

• 1894

• Pullman Company workers protest wage cuts

• Federal govt send troops 

  • Violent clash 

  • Crippled national railroad service

    • Workers ordered to go back to work  

  • President Eugene V. Debs arrested

William McKinley

• Candidate for 1894 presidential election, Republican 

• Supported the gold standard, necessary for business 

• High tariffs

• Elected for president 

Redeemers

• Moved to undo as much as the Reconstruction as possible 

  • New Public school system hardest hit

Kansas Exodus

• Mass migration of African Americans from South to Kansas 

  • Led by a former slave - Benjamin “Pap” Singleton 

• Caused by Jim Crow laws, lack of economic opportunities in the South 

• Belief that Kansas was the land of freedom 

• Freedom over oppression 

• Most African Americans stay in South 

• 40,000 to 60,000 African Americans 

Plessy V Ferguson

• Homer Plessy challenged segregation law by sitting in a white train car 

  • Was arrested 

• Supreme Court Ruling sanctions segregation 

  • “Separate but equal”

    • Most of the time they weren’t ever truly equal 

  • Legalized segregation nationwide 

  • Jim Crow Laws justified

  • Overturned Brown v. Board of Education

Lynching

• Extrajudicial murder, often by hanging, to terrorize African American communities 

  • Or alleged sexual conduct against white women 

• Ida B. Wells (Journalist) exposes lynching as tool for racial control 

New immigrants

• Nativism against the new immigrants 

• Southern and Eastern Europeans 

  • Feared due to the ideas that they brought 

    • Anarchy, socialism, 

• Immigration Restriction League

Immigration laws

• Literacy tests to bar immigrants from being let into the United States 

• The Immigration Act established quotas

• Chinese Exclusion Act 

Booker T Washington

• Former enslaved man 

• Founder of the Tuskegee Institute 

• Believed that African Americans should focus on an vocational education/economic self-reliance before demanding their full-rights

• Atlanta Compromise Speech

  • Criticized by W.E.B. Du Bois 

AFL

Alaska

• Negotiated purchase of Alaska from Russia 

  • Provide with strategic foothold in the Pacific ( base for millitary )

  • Lots of economic potential b/c of resources 

  • Met with skeptiscm, called “Seward’s Folly”

American Expansionism/Imperialism

• Outcome

• Gain more land, more trade 

• Overthrowing of the Queen of Hawaii, coup 

• Alaska purchase

• Spanish American War

• Treaty of Paris + Cuba 

• Phillippines

• Open Door Policy 

• Influence

  • Expanded to multiple countries, caused many wars, spread Christianity and opened trade 

Yellow Journalism

• Sensationalized and exaggerated stories to catch the attention of the public and sway their opinions 

• Affected the story of the USS Maine explosion 

Spanish-American War

• Mistreatment of Cubans

  • Concentration Camps 

  • US was apalled by this 

    • Originally didn’t want to go for war for this 

• USS Maine explosion → yellow journalism 

• US Declare war on Spain on April 25, 1898

• Manila Bay and San Juan Battles

• Effect: gained territory, America become world power, treaty of Paris 

Teller Amendment

• Showed that the US had no intention to annex/dominate cuba

Platt Amendment

• 1901

• Amendment to Cuban Constitution 

• Right to intervene in Cuban affairs

• Cuba become semi-independent 

Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines

• Puerto Rico: Spain ceded control of it in the Treaty of Paris

  • Gateways to Latin America, strategic posts for military 

  • Became a low-wage plantation economy 

  • By 1920s residents one of the poorest of the Caribbean region 

  • Foraker Act - declared the Puerto Rico country as an insular territory 

    • Residents were considered citizens of Puerto Rico, not the U.S.

• Guam: also acquired in the Treaty of Paris 

  • Unincorporated territory to today 

  • Shipping route 

• Philippines: Treaty of Paris

  • Philippine War 

  • Tried to modernize them 

Philippine War

• Filipino movement turned against the U.S.

• Least remembered of all American wars

• Far longer and bloodier than the Spanish-American conflict 

• DEmocratic platform oppose the war 

White Man’s Burden

• Rudyard Kipling poem 

• Encourage the U.S. to take control of the Philippines after the Spanish-American War 

Insular Cases

• Happened b/c of the Foraker act 

• 1901-1904

• Supreme Court held that the Constitution did not fully apply to the territories recently acquired by the United States 

Anti-Imperialism

• Contradiction of Democratic ideals 

  • Undermined American core ideals of self-determination and democracy 

• Exploitation for economic reasons

• Moral and ethic concerns

  • Coercion, violence, subjugation

• Domestic implications

  • Militarization of American society and erosion of civil liberties