Labor Movement and Current Trends in Employment

The transition of work has significantly evolved over centuries, influenced by industrialization and technological advancements.
Initial craftsmanship models were disrupted by mass production, facilitated by innovations like the steam engine.
The emphasis on mass production made goods cheaper, leading to consumer accessibility and a rise in wealth.

In recent years, economic factors such as tariffs and global supply chain disruptions have affected large retailers like Walmart, causing them to adapt.
"Doing them" refers to a trend where individuals take on multiple side jobs or part-time jobs due to labor market pressures.

The COVID-19 pandemic acted as a catalyst for job loss and increased economic pressure on workers.
Government relief was provided, yet rising prices continued to affect the cost of living and job stability.

The labor movement emerged during the late 19th century due to poor working conditions in factories, where workers often endured long hours for low pay.
Key Milestones of the Labor Movement:
- The average American worked up to 100 hours a week in the late 1800s.
- Strikes for an eight-hour workday were prevalent, with the Haymarket riots on May 1, 1886, marking a significant protest.
- Unions advocated against child labor, leading to legislative changes over time.
- The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 established a 40-hour work week and set minimum wage standards.
While union membership has declined, the labor movement made profound changes to American work life.

Recent economic struggles, including inflation and stagnant wages, have incited a new wave of unionization across various sectors, including higher education.
Undergraduate student workers have increasingly sought unions due to challenging working conditions exacerbated by the pandemic.
- An example includes Esmeralda Abreo Jerez, who highlighted the stressful environment for student workers at Dartmouth College.

Grinnell College:
- Became the first private college with a union representing all student employees, following successful advocacy and a change in college administration.
Kenyon College:
- Faces difficulties in gaining union recognition, as the administration argues student work is primarily educational, not employment.
Union proponents argue that student workers deserve the same rights as other employees and that their roles should be recognized under labor laws.

A trial in Britain involving 61 companies ended successfully, showing positive impacts on employee wellbeing and productivity.
Key findings:
- 39% of employees reported reduced stress.
- A 65% decrease in sick days.
- Companies maintained revenue while employees worked 80% of hours for 100% pay.
Experts believe the trial could motivate further exploration into alternative work structures, potentially addressing productivity issues in the UK economy.