Psych Week 3

1. Occipital Lobes – What is their function?
   Answer: Process visual information.

2. Temporal Lobes – What is their general function?
   Answer: Involved in auditory processing, memory, and language comprehension.

3. Wernicke’s Area – What does it do?
   Answer: Responsible for language comprehension.

4. Wernicke’s Area – What happens when it’s damaged?
   Answer: Causes Wernicke’s aphasia—difficulty understanding language and producing meaningful speech.

5. Parietal Lobes – What is their general function?
   Answer: Process sensory information related to touch, spatial awareness, and body position.

6. Somatosensory Cortex – What is its function?
   Answer: Processes sensory input from the body, such as touch and temperature.

7. Frontal Lobes – What is their general function?
   Answer: Involved in decision-making, problem-solving, personality, and voluntary movement.

8. Motor Cortex – What is its function?
   Answer: Controls voluntary movements.

9. Broca’s Area – What does it do?
   Answer: Responsible for speech production.

10. Broca’s Area – What happens when it’s damaged?
    Answer: Causes Broca’s aphasia—difficulty speaking, but comprehension remains intact.

11. Corpus Callosum – What is its function?
    Answer: Connects the two hemispheres of the brain and allows communication between them.

12. Split-Brain Patients – What happens when images are flashed in the left visual field?
    Answer: They cannot verbally describe the image but can draw or select it with their left hand.

13. Split-Brain Patients – What happens when images are flashed in the right visual field?
    Answer: They can verbally describe the image.

The Limbic System

14. Thalamus – What is its function?
    Answer: Acts as a relay station for sensory information.

15. Hypothalamus – What does it regulate?
    Answer: Hunger, thirst, body temperature, and hormones.

16. Amygdala – What is its function?
    Answer: Involved in processing emotions, especially fear and aggression.

17. Hippocampus – What does it do?
    Answer: Important for memory formation.

The Brain Stem

18. Brain Stem (Pons, Medulla, Midbrain) – What is their collective function?
    Answer: Regulate basic life functions like breathing, heart rate, and reflexes.

19. Reticular Formation – What does it regulate?
    Answer: Controls arousal and consciousness.

20. Cerebellum – What is its function?
    Answer: Coordinates balance, movement, and fine motor control.

States of Consciousness

Circadian Rhythm & Hormones

21. What is the circadian rhythm?
    Answer: The body's internal 24-hour biological clock.

22. What does cortisol do in the circadian rhythm?
    Answer: Helps wake the body up in the morning.

23. What does melatonin do in the circadian rhythm?
    Answer: Helps the body fall asleep at night.

Sleep Stages & Brain Waves

24. What brain waves are present when awake but relaxed?
    Answer: Alpha waves.

25. What brain waves are present in Stage 1 sleep?
    Answer: Theta waves.

26. What brain waves are present in Stage 2 sleep?
    Answer: Sleep spindles and K-complexes.

27. What brain waves are present in Stage 3 sleep?
    Answer: Delta waves (deep sleep).

28. What brain waves are present in Stage 4 sleep?
    Answer: Delta waves (deepest sleep).

29. What brain waves are present in REM sleep?
    Answer: Beta waves (similar to being awake).

Sleep Disorders & Phenomena

30. Which stage of sleep does sleepwalking occur in?
    Answer: Stage 3 or Stage 4.

31. What are night terrors, and when do they occur?
    Answer: Intense episodes of fear during sleep, occurring in Stage 3 or Stage 4.

32. When does REM occur in the sleep cycle?
    Answer: After deep sleep, cycles increase as the night progresses.

33. Why don’t we move while dreaming?
    Answer: The brainstem inhibits motor activity.

34. What is REM sleep behavior disorder?
    Answer: A condition where people physically act out their dreams.

Theories of Dreaming

35. Psychoanalytic Theory (Freud) – What does it say about dreams?
    Answer: Dreams reveal unconscious desires and conflicts.

36. Information Processing Theory – What does it say about dreams?
    Answer: Dreams help process and store daily experiences.

37. Activation-Synthesis Theory – What does it say about dreams?
    Answer: Dreams result from random neural activity that the brain attempts to make sense of.

Effects of Sleep Deprivation

38. What are the cognitive effects of sleep deprivation?
    Answer: Impaired memory, decreased attention, and poor decision-making.

39. What are the emotional effects of sleep deprivation?
    Answer: Increased stress, irritability, and higher risk of depression.

40. What are the physical effects of sleep deprivation?
    Answer: Weakened immune system, increased risk of obesity and heart disease.