Transcultural nursing Ch

Introduction to Transcultural Nursing

• Learning Objectives:

  • Explore historical and theoretical foundations

  • Examine relevance in addressing contemporary trends in nursing

  • Analyze contributions of key figures in transcultural nursing

  • Discuss Andrews-Boyle transcultural practice model

Defining Transcultural Nursing

• Transcultural Nursing:

  • Blending of nursing and anthropology

  • Focus on providing culturally appropriate care

• Importance of understanding cultural values, beliefs, and behaviors among patients

Key Concepts in Culture

• Culture-Specific:

  • Unique values and behaviors specific to a cultural group

  • Examples include dietary restrictions, religious practices

• Cultural Universal:

  • Values and norms shared across cultures, such as beliefs about life and death

• Definition of Culture:

  • Encompasses knowledge, beliefs, morals, laws, and customs acquired by a group

Levels of Culture

• Three Levels of Culture:

  • Primary Level:

    • Implicit and unconscious rules followed by group members.

    • Examples: religious beliefs, family customs.

  • Secondary Level:

    • Underlying assumptions known to members but not as ingrained.

    • Examples: time perception, styles of greeting.

  • Tertiary Level:

    • Visible aspects accessible to outsiders.

    • Examples: clothing, rituals, religious garb.

Subcultures and Their Impact

• Subcultures:

  • Groups with distinct values and norms compared to the majority.

  • Example: Asian subcultures (Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese) or Hispanic subcultures (Mexican, Puerto Rican).

Ethnicity vs. Race

• Ethnicity:

  • Defines cultural identity based on shared cultural practices and beliefs.

• Race:

  • Based on physical characteristics and appearance.

• Discussion of socially acceptable ways to ask about ethnicity in various contexts.

Influential Figures in Nursing Theory

• Madeline Leininger:

  • Founder of transcultural nursing theory, integrating anthropology into nursing.

  • Notable for studying cultural impacts on healthcare and advocating for culturally competent care.

• Historical Context:

  • Evolution of nursing theories, including Florence Nightingale’s hand hygiene contributions.

Contemporary Issues in Transcultural Nursing

• Migration and Diversity:

  • Increased migration contributing to diverse patient populations.

  • Need for cultural respect and understanding.

• Technological Advancements:

  • Transformation in health records and patient interactions via technology.

  • Culturally conditioned attitudes toward technology.

• Global Conflicts and Healthcare:

  • Discussion of current events affecting healthcare dynamics,

  • How personal biases can impact patient care.

Gender and Cultural Issues

• Gender Issues Awareness:

  • Importance of understanding diverse gender identities in healthcare practice.

  • Misunderstanding pronouns or identities can lead to potentially harmful neglect in care.

Cultural Competence in Health Care Delivery

• Types of Cultural Healers:

  • Recognition of different types of healthcare professionals involved in patient care, including traditional and spiritual healers.

  • Importance of collaboration with indigenous and lay healers.

Conclusion and Future of Transcultural Nursing

• Developments in Nursing Education:

  • Curriculum enhancements to include transcultural nursing principles at all educational levels.

• Culturally Controlled Care:

  • Tailoring care to fit the cultural needs of individuals or groups for better patient outcomes.

• Ethnonursing Research:

  • Qualitative research methods focused on understanding the cultural factors affecting patient care.