Chapter Ten Chronology Assignment

1816 - 1836 Timeline

• 1816:

  • Foundation of African Methodist Episcopal Church: Established to provide a religious comunity for African Americans seeking independence from white-dominated churches.

• 1821:

  • Emma Willard founds Troy Female Seminary: The first school for women, promoting higher education for young women, advocating for women's rights to education.

• 1823:

  • Charles Grandison Finney begins Protestant revival campaigns: Important figure in the Second Great Awakening, emphasized personal faith and social action.

• 1827:

  • Freedom's Journal published: First African American newspaper in New York, provided a voice to African Americans and the abolitionist movement.

• 1829:

  • Violence in Cincinnati: Over a thousand African Americans driven out due to racial violence, highlighting tensions in urban areas.

  • David Walker's Appeal: A fervent call to action for African Americans, urging them to resist oppression and seek equality.

• 1830:

  • Joseph Smith publishes The Book of Mormon: Foundation text for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, reflecting a new religious movement.

• 1830s:

  • Emergence of minstrel shows: A form of entertainment that reflected and shaped racial stereotypes in American culture.

  • Peak membership of Shaker communities: Known for their communal lifestyle and celibacy, reaching their height in this era.

• 1831:

  • William Lloyd Garrison founds The Liberator: An influential abolitionist newspaper advocating for the immediate emancipation of enslaved people.

  • Nat Turner's uprising: A significant slave revolt in Virginia, emphasizing the desperation and resistance among enslaved people.

• 1832:

  • Ralph Waldo Emerson turns to transcendentalism: Advocated for individual intuition as a primary source of knowledge.

  • American Temperance Society founded: Movement aimed at reducing alcohol consumption and its societal impacts.

  • Charles Knowlton publishes birth control guide: First of its kind in the U.S., promoting women's reproductive rights.

• 1833:

  • American Anti-Slavery Society founded: Establishing a formal organization to advocate for the end of slavery.

• 1834:

  • Female Moral Reform Society: Formed by New York activists, aimed at addressing social issues affecting women, particularly in relation to moral improvement.

• 1835:

  • James Gordon Bennett founds New York Herald: A significant development in American journalism.

  • Abolitionists launch great postal campaign: Efforts to spread anti-slavery literature through the U.S. mail.

• 1836:

  • House of Representatives adopts gag rule: Banning discussions of antislavery petitions, reflecting the political tension surrounding the issue of slavery.

1837 - 1855 Timeline

• 1837:

  • Horace Mann begins public school expansion: Advocate for public education reform in Massachusetts, aiming for universal education access.

  • Grimké sisters defend public roles for women: Early advocates for women's rights and abolition, challenging gender norms.

  • Elijah Lovejoy killed by a mob: An abolitionist journalist murdered for his beliefs, illustrating the violent opposition to anti-slavery activism.

• 1839-1845:

  • First wave of married women's property laws: Legislation allowing women to own property separately from their husbands, marking a significant shift towards women’s rights in legal contexts.

• 1840:

  • Liberty Party runs James G. Birney for president: The first anti-slavery political party, seeking to abolish slavery through political means.

• 1840s:

  • Fourierist communities arise: Inspired by socialism, these communities aimed for shared living and cooperation, challenging capitalist norms.

• 1841:

  • Dorothea Dix promotes hospitals: Her reforms led to the establishment of more humane treatment for the mentally ill.

  • Catharine Beecher publishes Treatise on Domestic Economy: Advocating for women’s roles within the home as educators of the next generation.

• 1844:

  • Margaret Fuller publishes Woman in the Nineteenth Century: Influential feminist work that argues for gender equality and women’s rights.

• 1845:

  • Henry David Thoreau goes to Walden Pond: His experiment in simple living, detailed in "Walden", promoted individualism and self-reliance.

• 1846:

  • Brigham Young leads Mormons to Salt Lake: With the migration of Mormons, this marked a significant movement westward.

• 1848:

  • Seneca Falls Convention proposes women's equality: First women's rights convention, which resulted in the Declaration of Sentiments, outlining grievances and demands.

  • John Humphrey Noyes establishes Oneida Community: A utopian community practicing communal living and complex marriage.

• 1851:

  • Herman Melville publishes Moby-Dick: A landmark novel that explores existential themes and the human condition.

• 1855:

  • Dr. William Sanger surveys sex trade in New York City: One of the earliest studies highlighting social issues surrounding sexual commerce.

  • Walt Whitman publishes Leaves of Grass: A revolutionary collection of poetry celebrating individuality, democracy, and the human spirit.

Themes of APUSH

• Developments and Dates: Importance of key dates in shaping American history and social movements.

• Making Connections: Understanding the relationships between historical events and trends across time and place.

• National and American Identity: The evolution of what it means to be American through various social, political, and cultural lenses.

• Politics and Power: Analysis of how different groups exercised power and influenced politics throughout history.

• Work, Exchange, and Technology: Examining changes in the economy, labor systems, and technological innovations.

• American and Regional Culture: Exploration of diverse cultural expressions and regional differences within the U.S.

• Social Structures: Investigating the hierarchies that shaped society including class, race, and gender.

• America and the World: Contextualizing America's role in global affairs and implications of its policies.

• Migration and Settlement: Trends of movement across the U.S., driven by economic, social, and political factors.

Environment and Geography

• Influence of the Second Great Awakening:

  • The Second Great Awakening played a significant role in shaping various social, religious, and political developments:

  • Social: Mobilized individuals for social reform movements like abolitionism and women's rights by emphasizing personal morality and communal responsibility.

  • Religious: Encouraged a diverse religious landscape and proliferation of various sects and denominations.

  • Political: Inspired political activism, including fighting against slavery and advocating for reforms, reshaping the moral and political fabric of society.