1st Day

21st literature

Plot structure

Brechtian - Untraditional plot structure (modern)

Aristotelian: (Freytag’s triangle)

1. Exposition

2. Conflict

3. Rising action

4. Climax

5. Falling action

6. Resolution

Short story elements

• Character based on role:

  Protagonist - main character

  Antagonist - main opposer

  Anti-hero - bad guy kinda

• Character based on personality:

  Flat - limited info known

  Round - alot of info known

  Static - stays the same through out the story

  Dynamic - changes through out the story

• Plot - the sequence of the story

• Setting - based on when and where (temporal and spatial) the story is set

• Theme - the central idea

Literary terms

Note: i am unsure of the difference between the literary elements and devices

Literary elements

• Setting - where and when the story takes place

• Characterization - method used by the writer to reveal the personality of the character

• Flashbacking - a way of presenting events that happened prior to the current action taking place.

• Foreshadowing - subtle clues to what happens later in the story

• In medias res - when the story begins in the middle

• Local color - shows features specific to a particular region (mainly of the writer)

• Deus ex machina - unexpected power or event saving a seemingly hopeless situation (not sure if this is included)

• Plot twist - unexpected change in direction of the plot (not sure if this is included)

Literary devices

• Alliteration - repetition of beginning sounds

• Rhyme - repetition of end sounds

• Consonance - consonant repetition anywhere

• Assonance - vowel repetition anywhere

• Simile - like or as comparison

• Metaphor - direct comparison

• Oxymoron - 2 words with opposite meaning are adjacent

• Paradox - a statement that contradicts itself

• Stream of consciousness - writer’s uninterrupted ideas (the style in how they write)

• Magical realism - reality and fantasy

• Deconstruction - relating a story to another or modifying a story to make a new one (kind of like fanfics i think)

• Symbolism - representation of an idea using a medium

• Pov - how the story is told by the narrator/charcter

• Persona - pov in a poem (i think)

4 Critical theories

• Mimetic - Imitates real life

• Affective - Emotional aspect

• Objective - literary standard

• Expressive - Experiences of the author (Milieu)

Senakulo and Zarzuela plays

Senakulo is about new testament / death of Jesus

Zarzuela is about a political or societal problem

Literary periods

Spanish period

• alibata writing was mostly erased and replaced with roman alphabet

• spanish became the main language in literature

• christian doctorine

Japanese period

• Philippines English literature was stopped

• Transition to tagalog news began

American period

• Introduced cliff hanging and English education

Other periods

• Medieval focused on religious beliefs

• Renaissance - focused on the beauty of argument

• Classical period - the body

• Industrialization - deconstruction

Entrep

Entrepreneurial qualities

Mind frame - positive and optimistic outlook despite a situation

Heart flame - passion and drive to succeed (fulfilment in the process of discovery)

Gut game - sixth sense/intuition (connotes courage or lakas ng loob)

Henry Sy (Sr.)

Traveled from Fujian, China at age 12 in 1936 to join his father and brother. WW2 destroyed the 2 stores they were operating and his brother and father went back to China. He managed to save enough to open a small store in Carriedo St. by buying and reselling cigarettes to American soldiers. After an interaction with a Filipino soldier, he felt bad about it and started to sell shoes at a fixed price. Before 30 Sy had already become a millionaire.

(the rest are on page 6-7 of the book)

Businesses of Sy (5 of em)

• SM Prime

• SM Retail

• Banco De Oro

• Chinabank

• Goldilocks bakeshop

Filipino

Ibat’Ibang teksto

naratibo - banghay

- nagtuturo ng magandang asal

prosidyural - larawan sa bawat hakbang

persuweysib - subhetibo sa panghihikayat

- gumamit ng ethos at pathos

impormatibo - obhetibo sa pagpapaliwanag

- sanaysay ang halimbawa nito

- nagtuturo ng kaalaman

deskriptibo - pang-uri sa pagbibigay ng katangian

argumentatibo - dahilan at ebidensya

- debate ang halimbawa nito

7 steps sa pagsulat ng tekstong argumentatibo

- pumili ng paksa

- panig at dahilan

- mangalap ng ebidensya

- gumawa ng borador

- isulat ang draft

- basahing ang isinulat upang maiwasto ang mga pagkakamali

- muling isulat ang tekstong taglayang anumang pagwawasto

paraan ng panghihikayat

Paraan ng paghihikayat

Ethos

- kredibilidad ng isang manunulat (kaalaman at karanasan, estilo ng pagsulat)

- kredebilidad ng speaker (kaalaman at karanasan, estilo ng pagsulat)

Pathos

- gamit ng emosyon

Logos

- lohika upang makumbinsi