AP Physics 1, Unit 1

Vectors and Scalars

An object’s displacement is the straight-line distance between the object’s initial and final point
Displacement is the change in position of an object
The distance an object travels will always be greater than or equal to the magnitude of the displacement of the object
Average speed is the distance traveled over the time duration of that travel
Average speed: average speed=distance/time
Average velocity: Average velocity = change in position(displacement)/change in time
If the time interval over which the average velocity is taken is very small then the velocity is considered to be instantaneous velocity
Average acceleration: average a = change in velocity/change in time
If the time interval over which the average acceleration is taken is very small. then the acceleration is considered to be instantaneous acceleration
The acceleration of an object under the influence of just gravity is 9.81 m/s² down

The formula for acceleration on an incline is a=g sin(0) where 0 is the angle of the incline

Centripetal Force is the force that acts upon an object moving in a circular path, directed towards the center of the circle
Formula of centripetal force is Fc=rmv2, where Fc is the centripetal force, m is the mass of the object, v is the velocity of the object, and r is the radius of the circular path
Formula for work is W=F*d, where F is the force applied and d is the displacement in the direction of the force
Formula for torque is τ=r×F, where r is distance from the pivot point, and F is the force applied
Formula for range for a projectile launched at an angle is , where
Impulse is the change in momentum of an object when a force is applied over a period of time
Impulse Formula is J = FΔt, it represents the the product of force (F) and the time duration (Δt) over which the force is applied
Conservation of momentum is in a closed environment the total momentum before an event (like a collision) must equal the total momentum after the event, the formula for conservation of momentum is intial p=final p
Gravitational force is the force of attraction between two masses
Electric force is the The attractive or repulsive force between two charged objects. It is proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. It is described by Coulomb's Law: F = k (q1 q2) / r^2, where k is the Coulomb constant (9 10^9 N m^2 / C^2).