Characteristics of Civilization

Page 2: Mesopotamia

  • Location: Situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

  • Significance: Known as the "cradle of civilization" due to:

    • Early development of urban societies.

    • Development of writing systems.

    • Creation of legal codes.

  • Cultures Involved: Key cultures include the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians.

Page 3: Ancient Egypt

  • Time Frame: Thrived along the Nile River from around 3100 BCE to 30 BCE.

  • Achievements:

    • Monumental architecture (e.g., Pyramids)

    • Complex religious beliefs

    • Advancements in writing, medicine, and governance.

Page 4: Indus Valley Civilization

  • Time Frame: Flourished from around 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE in present-day Pakistan and northwest India.

  • Notable Features:

    • Advanced urban planning

    • Sophisticated drainage systems

    • Early examples of writing and trade.

Page 5: Ancient China

  • Historical Roots: Traces back to around 2100 BCE.

  • Contributions:

    • Long-lasting dynastic rule

    • Significant advancements in philosophy, technology, and culture

    • Inventions include paper, gunpowder, and the compass.

    • Construction of the Great Wall.

Page 6: Characteristics of Civilization

  • A civilization is defined by:

    • Cities

    • A Form of Government

    • Specialized Workers

    • A System of Writing

    • Improved Technology

Page 7: Detailed Characteristics of Civilization

  1. Cities: Cultural centers of society.

  2. Complex Institutions: Includes government and religion.

  3. Specialized Workers: Different jobs and social classes.

  4. Writing: Essential for record keeping and communication.

  5. Improved Technology: Introduction of new tools and public works.

robot