Characteristics of Civilization

Page 2: Mesopotamia

• Location: Situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

• Significance: Known as the "cradle of civilization" due to:

  • Early development of urban societies.

  • Development of writing systems.

  • Creation of legal codes.

• Cultures Involved: Key cultures include the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians.

Page 3: Ancient Egypt

• Time Frame: Thrived along the Nile River from around 3100 BCE to 30 BCE.

• Achievements:

  • Monumental architecture (e.g., Pyramids)

  • Complex religious beliefs

  • Advancements in writing, medicine, and governance.

Page 4: Indus Valley Civilization

• Time Frame: Flourished from around 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE in present-day Pakistan and northwest India.

• Notable Features:

  • Advanced urban planning

  • Sophisticated drainage systems

  • Early examples of writing and trade.

Page 5: Ancient China

• Historical Roots: Traces back to around 2100 BCE.

• Contributions:

  • Long-lasting dynastic rule

  • Significant advancements in philosophy, technology, and culture

  • Inventions include paper, gunpowder, and the compass.

  • Construction of the Great Wall.

Page 6: Characteristics of Civilization

• A civilization is defined by:

  • Cities

  • A Form of Government

  • Specialized Workers

  • A System of Writing

  • Improved Technology

Page 7: Detailed Characteristics of Civilization

1. Cities: Cultural centers of society.

2. Complex Institutions: Includes government and religion.

3. Specialized Workers: Different jobs and social classes.

4. Writing: Essential for record keeping and communication.

5. Improved Technology: Introduction of new tools and public works.