Air Quality & Health Hazards

• Lung Hazards:

  • Various substances breathed in can be hazardous to lung function.

  • Hazards include cigarette smoking, occupational hazards, viruses, fungi, bacteria, and air pollution.

• Cigarette Smoking:

  • Major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer.

  • Slows down cilia, leading to weakened lung defense and destruction of lung tissue.

  • Impairs macrophages, a type of white blood cell.

• Occupational Hazards:

  • Dusts like coal, silica, asbestos, and chemical vapors can cause lung diseases.

  • Can lead to occupational asthma.

• Air Pollution:

  • Outdoor and indoor air pollution can impact respiratory health.

  • Causes millions of premature deaths annually, with a significant impact on children under 5.

  • WHO guidelines aim to reduce air pollution and improve respiratory health globally.

Common Indoor Air Pollutants

• Biological Pollutants:

  • Originate from living things like pets and mattresses.

• Chemical Pollutants:

  • Include second-hand smoke, paints, radon, scents, pesticides, and household products.

  • Symptoms of exposure include headaches, fatigue, cough, and skin irritation.

Major Pollutants and Health Impacts

• Particulate Matter (PM):

  • Sources include smoking, sulfate, ammonia, carbon, and mineral dust.

  • Can cause respiratory infections, COPD, cardiovascular disease, and lung cancer.

• Ozone (O3):

  • Created through a chemical reaction in the atmosphere, leading to smog.

  • Causes respiratory distress, cardiovascular disease, asthma attacks, and reduced lung function.

• Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2):

  • Produced through combustion, including engines and power generators.

  • Chronic exposure can cause bronchitis, reduced lung function, and lung edema.

• Sulfur Dioxide (SO2):

  • Produced by burning fossil fuels and ores containing sulfur.

  • Combines with water to create sulfuric acid, a primary cause of acid rain.

  • Can increase asthma attacks, bronchitis, and respiratory infections.

• Carbon Monoxide (CO):

  • Produced by burning fossil fuels, particularly concerning in indoor settings.

  • Can cause headaches, nausea, chest pain, and