test 2

Molecules and Compounds

• A molecule consists of two or more atoms.

• A compound consists of two or more elements.

• Examples of Molecules:

  • Element molecules:

    • Hydrogen (H₂)

    • Oxygen (O₂)

  • Compound molecules:

    • Water (H₂O)

    • Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)

Allotropes

• Definition: Allotropes are different forms of the same element.

• Examples:

  • Oxygen (O₂) vs. Ozone (O₃)

  • Phosphorus: Red phosphorus vs. White phosphorus

  • Carbon: Diamond vs. Graphite

Structure of Atoms

• Importance of studying subatomic particles and atomic structure.

• Focus on the following:

  • Subatomic Particles:

    • Basic building blocks of atoms

  • Isotopes:

    • Atoms of the same element with differing neutron numbers

    • Examples of isotopes and their significance.

Electron Configuration

• Emphasis on how electrons are arranged in atoms.

• Understanding the electron configuration is critical for predicting chemical behavior.