Symbolism in Animal Farm

1. Old Major

   • Who/What: A highly respected boar who inspires the rebellion with his vision of a utopian society where animals are free.

   • Animal: Boar

   • Represents: Karl Marx/Vladimir Lenin (Ideological founder of communism)

2. Napoleon

   • Who/What: The main antagonist who becomes the tyrannical leader of Animal Farm.

   • Animal: Berkshire boar

   • Represents: Joseph Stalin

3. Snowball

   • Who/What: An intelligent and passionate leader who is eventually exiled by Napoleon.

   • Animal: Pig

   • Represents: Leon Trotsky

4. Mr. Jones

   • Who/What: The original owner of Manor Farm; neglectful and cruel to the animals.

   • Animal: Human

   • Represents: Tsar Nicholas II

5. Boxer & Clover

   • Who/What: Hardworking and loyal cart horses; Boxer is strong but not intelligent, while Clover is caring.

   • Animal: Horses

   • Represents: Proletariat (working class)

6. Muriel

   • Who/What: A knowledgeable and literate goat who reads the commandments to others.

   • Animal: Goat

   • Represents: Educated working class

7. Benjamin

   • Who/What: A cynical and skeptical donkey who doubts the revolution's success.

   • Animal: Donkey

   • Represents: Skeptical intellectuals or the older generation

8. Moses

   • Who/What: A tame raven who tells animals about Sugarcandy Mountain.

   • Animal: Raven

   • Represents: Organized religion (Russian Orthodox Church)

9. Squealer

   • Who/What: A persuasive and manipulative pig who spreads Napoleon's propaganda.

   • Animal: Pig

   • Represents: Soviet propaganda (Pravda)

10. Mollie

    • Who/What: A vain and materialistic horse who misses the comforts of human attention.

    • Animal: Horse

    • Represents: Bourgeoisie (upper class)

11. Pilkington

    • Who/What: Owner of Foxwood Farm; represents capitalist countries.

    • Animal: Human

    • Represents: Western Allies (UK/USA)

12. Frederick

    • Who/What: Owner of Pinchfield Farm; untrustworthy and cruel.

    • Animal: Human

    • Represents: Adolf Hitler (Nazi Germany)

13. The Dogs (That Were Puppies)

    • Who/What: Fiercely loyal to Napoleon, enforcing his rule.

    • Animal: Dogs

    • Represents: KGB (Stalin's secret police)

14. Foxwood

    • Who/What: A large, neglected farm neighboring Animal Farm.

    • Represents: The United Kingdom/Allies

15. Pinchfield

    • Who/What: A small, well-managed but aggressive farm.

    • Represents: Nazi Germany

16. Manor Farm

    • Who/What: The farm's original name under Mr. Jones.

    • Represents: Russia under Czarist rule

17. Animal Farm

    • Who/What: The new name for the farm after the animals' rebellion.

    • Represents: Soviet Union (USSR)

18. Animalism

    • Who/What: The philosophy promoting equality and shared labor.

    • Represents: Communism

19. The Commandments

    • Who/What: The seven original rules meant to uphold equality on the farm.

    • Represents: Communist Manifesto (or manipulated propaganda)

20. Bluebell & Pincher

    • Who/What: Two dogs who are the parents of the puppies trained by Napoleon.

    • Animal: Dogs

    • Represents: General population or loyal followers

21. Beasts of England

    • Who/What: The song that represents the hope of freedom and rebellion.

    • Represents: Revolutionary ideology/national anthem

22. Sugarcandy Mountain

    • Who/What: A utopian place described by Moses where animals go after death.

Represents: Heaven/Religious promises used to pacify the oppressed