Anatomy and Physiology I

Student Safety

• Follow all written and verbal instructions carefully. If you do not understand a direction or part of a procedure, ask the instructor before proceeding.

• Perform only those experiments authorized by the instructor. Never do anything in the laboratory that is not called for in the laboratory procedures or by your instructor. Carefully follow all instructions, both written and oral. Unauthorized experiments are prohibited.

• Never fool around in the laboratory. Horseplay, practical jokes, and pranks are dangerous and prohibited.

• Dispose of all chemical waste properly. Never mix chemicals in sink drains. Sinks are to be used only for water and those solutions designated by the instructor. Solid chemicals, metals, matches, filter paper, and all other insoluble materials are to be disposed of in the proper waste containers, not in the sink. Check the label of all waste containers twice before adding your chemical waste to the container.

• Students are permitted in the science storage rooms or preparation areas unless given specific permission by their instructor.

• Any time chemicals, heat, or glassware are used, students will wear laboratory goggles. There will be no exceptions to this rule!

• Dress properly during a laboratory activity. Long hair, dangling jewelry, and loose or baggy clothing are a hazard in the laboratory. Long hair must be tied back and jangling jewelry and loose or baggy clothing must be secured. Shoes must completely cover the foot. No sandals allowed.

• All chemicals in the laboratory are to be considered dangerous. Do not touch, taste, or smell any chemicals unless specifically instructed to do so. The proper technique for smelling chemical fumes will be demonstrated to you.

• Never return unused chemicals to their original containers.

• Never use mouth suction to fill a pipet. Use a rubber bulb or pipet pump.

• Handle flammable hazardous liquids over a pan to contain spills. Never dispense flammable liquids anywhere near an open flame or source of heat.

• Never handle broken glass with your bare hands. Use a brush and dustpan to clean up broken glass. Place broken or waste glassware in the designated glass disposal container.

• Examine glassware before each use. Never use chipped or cracked glassware. Never use dirty glassware.

• Do not immerse hot glassware in cold water; it may shatter.

• Never leave a lit burner unattended. Never leave anything that is being heated or is visibly reacting unattended. Always turn the burner or hot plate off when not in use.

• You will be instructed in the proper method of heating and boiling liquids in test tubes. Do not point the open end of a test tube being heated or anyone else.

• When bending glass, allow time for the glass to cool before further handling. Hot and cold glass have the same visual appearance. Determine if an object is hot by bringing the back of your hand close to it prior to grasping it.

The Human Body: An Orientation

• Anatomy (form) - study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts

• Physiology (function) - study of how the body and its parts work or function

• Gross Anatomy

  • Large structures

  • Easily observable

• Microscopic Anatomy (Histology)

  • Very small structures

  • Can only be viewed with a microscope

• Levels of Structural Organization

  1. Chemical level - atoms combine to form molecules

  2. Cellular level - Cells are made up of molecules

  3. Tissue level - Tissues consist of similar types of cells

  4. Organ level - Organs are made up of different types of tissues

  5. Organ system level - Organ systems consist of different organs that work closely

  6. Organismal level - Human organisms are made up of many organ systems

• Anatomical position - Body is upright, facing observer, feet flat and directed forward. The upper limbs are at sides, palms facing forward.

• Prone - Laying face down

• Supine (sUPine) - Laying face up

• Superior (cranial or cephalad)

• Body Planes

  • Median (Middle/Midsagittal)

  • Frontal (Coronal)

  • Transverse

• Body Cavities

  

• Abdominopelvic Quadrants

  

• Abdominopelvic Regions