BI_WS2024_2_Internet_and_Cloud_Computing

Business Informatics WS 2024/25 Lecture 2: Internet and Cloud Computing

• Instructor: Prof. Dr. Achim Koberstein

• Focuses on Business Informatics & Operations Research

Lecture Schedule

• Week 1:

  • Lecture 1: Computer and network technology

  • Lecture 2: Internet and Cloud-Computing

• Week 2:

  • Lecture 3: Introduction to programming I

  • Lecture 4: Introduction to programming II

• Week 3:

  • Lecture 5: Database systems I

  • Lecture 6: Database systems II

• Week 4:

  • Lecture 7: Data modeling I

  • Lecture 8: Data modeling II

• Week 5:

  • Lecture 9: Business Analytics I

  • Lecture 10: Business Analytics II

• Week 6:

  • Lecture 11: Business process modelling

  • Lecture 12: Business process management

• Week 7:

  • Lecture 13: Enterprise-Resource-Planning-Systems

  • Lecture 14: Integrated information systems

Literature for this Lecture

• Laudon & Laudon, Management Information Systems, Global Edition, 13/E, Pearson 2013, Chapters 5 and 7

• R. Hansen, J. Mendling, G. Neumann: Wirtschaftsinformatik, 11. Auflage, De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2019. Chapter 11 (in German)

Agenda Overview

1. Computer Systems

2. Computer Networks

   • Network technology

   • The Internet

   • Cloud-Computing

History of the Internet

• The first message was sent over the ARPANET, predecessor of the internet, on October 29, 1969.

Characteristics of the Internet

• It represents the world’s most extensive implementation of connected networks.

• Provides critical infrastructure for e-commerce, e-business, and the digital enterprise.

• Based on TCP/IP protocols, enabling various internet services.

• Managed by ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers).

• Internet access for private individuals is facilitated through Internet Access Providers (e.g., Deutsche Telekom, 1&1, Vodafone).

Internet Addressing

Structure of an Internet (IP) Address

• Domain Name System (DNS): Hierarchical system for resolving human-readable domain names to IP addresses.

• It includes:

  • Root domain

  • Top-level domains

  • Second-level domains

  • Host computers (third level)

DNS and IP Address Resolution

• DNS Server: Converts aliases into IP addresses and vice versa, backed by a database of registered servers.

• Types of DNS Servers:

  • Local DNS (within the organization)

  • Root DNS (top-level domain)

  • Authoritative DNS (where domains are registered)

Understanding IP Addresses

• IP Address Format: 32-bit number (IPv4), e.g., 142.2.94.55

• Calculated in binary and decimal formats.

• Maximal Number of IP Addresses: 4,294,967,296 possible addresses, although some are reserved.

Transition to IPv6

• IPv6: A newer addressing protocol with a 128-bit space allowing approximately 3.4 x 10^38 addresses. Supports the Internet of Things (IoT).

• Addresses are expressed in hexadecimal format, e.g., 243f:6a88:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370:7344.

Internet Services Overview

• Includes:

  • E-mail

  • Instant messaging (e.g., ICQ)

  • FTP

  • Telnet

  • World Wide Web (WWW)

The World Wide Web (WWW)

• Acts as a foundation for the commercial use of the internet.

• A system based on standards for storing, loading, formatting, and displaying information (HTML, HTTP).

• Archives a vast number of data servers, facilitating both consumer access and growing commercialization.

Key Technical Elements

HTML, HTTP & URL

• HTML: Standard markup language for web content creation.

• HTTP: Protocol for the transfer of hypertext documents.

• URL: Address structure for resources on the internet; follows the format: Schema://Server/Path?Request

Internet Service Models

• Software as a Service (SaaS): Access provider's applications over the cloud without managing the underlying infrastructure.

• Platform as a Service (PaaS): Consumers can deploy apps using the provider's tools and infrastructure.

• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Provisioning of fundamental computing resources, operates under consumer control.

Cloud Computing Characteristics

• On-demand self-service: Automatic provisioning of applications by users.

• Broad network access: Services available over the network for diverse devices.

• Resource pooling: Multi-tenant model distributing resources dynamically based on demand.

• Rapid elasticity: Services can be scaled quickly.

• Measured service: Usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported.

Cloud Computing Deployment Models

• Includes public, private, and hybrid cloud configurations.

Practical Examples of Cloud Services

• Amazon S3: Offers scalable storage with a pay-per-use model.

• Amazon EC2: Elastic computing service allowing dynamic adjustment of resources based on demand.

Review Questions

1. What is the Internet?

2. What is an IP address and its structure?

3. What is a DNS server?

4. What are IPv4 and IPv6?

5. Define clients and application/web/database servers.

6. List internet services available today.

7. Explain WWW, HTTP, and HTML.

8. Define what a URL is.

9. What is a firewall?

10. What is an intranet and an extranet?

11. What types of storage networks exist?

12. Explain cloud computing and its defining characteristics.

13. Describe service models in cloud computing.

14. What are the different deployment models?

15. Provide examples of cloud computing services.