Unit 7: Industrial and Economic Development Patterns and Processes Quick Vocab.

Industrial Revolution: A period of rapid development of industry that started in Great Britain in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It was brought about by the introduction of machinery and technology, such as steam power, which resulted in the growth of factories and the mass production of goods

Primary sector: activities that extract raw materials or produce food directly from the earth

• agriculture, mining, energy, forestry, and fisheries

Secondary sector: economic activities that process raw materials from the primary sector into finished goods

• manufacturing, construction, and industrial production.

Tertiary sector: the service-based industries that facilitate the exchange and distribution of goods and provide services

• retail, hospitality, healthcare, education, and financial service

Quaternary sector: knowledge-based activities focused on information generation, processing, and distribution,

• industries like information technology, research, and consultancy

Quinary sector: an extension of the tertiary (service) sector, focusing on specialized services that involve high-level thinking, decision-making, and policy implementation

• top executives, government officials, and influential individuals

Situation Factor: the broader regional context of a place, considering its connections to other areas and the resources available to it

• accessibility, connections, and proximity to resources, which influences its development and importance

Site Factor: the intrinsic features of a location that affect its suitability for human settlement and development

• landforms, climate, and resources, that influence where and how settlements develop and evolve

Inputs: the resources, factors, or elements that are used as raw materials or components in a system or process

• agricultural production or economic development, to produce outputs or achieve a specific outcome.

Bulk-reducing Industry: one where the final product weighs less or has a lower volume than its raw materials, leading to lower transportation costs and often prompting location near raw material sources. `

short definition: a final product that is smaller or lighter than the raw materials used in its production

Bulk-gaining Industry: one where the final product is heavier or larger than the raw materials used in its production, leading to industries locating near their markets to minimize transportation costs of the finished product

short definition: products that increase in weight or volume during the manufacturing process

Break-of-bulk Point: a location where the mode of transportation changes, and goods are unloaded or transferred from one type of transport to another.

Labor-intensive industry: requires a large amount of labor to produce goods, often characterized by high employment levels and reliance on human resources rather than machinery.

Weber's Least Cost Theory: suggests that firms will locate their production facilities in a way that minimizes the total cost of transporting raw materials to the factory and finished goods to the market, along with labor costs

short definition: suggests that businesses choose locations to minimize production costs, primarily transportation, and labor, to maximize profits.

Agglomeration: the clustering of businesses or industries in a specific area, leading to a concentration of talent and resources and often resulting in economies of scale and shared infrastructure

short definition: the clustering of businesses or industries in a specific area, leading to benefits like shared infrastructure and labor pools

Maquiladora: a foreign-owned factory in Mexico that assembles imported parts into finished products for export, often taking advantage of lower labor costs

Outsourcing: company hiring a third-party to handle specific business processes or services that would otherwise be done internally, often to reduce cost

New International Division of Labor: transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid, less skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries.

Footloose Industry: a manufacturing activity where the cost of transporting raw materials and finished products is not a significant factor in determining the location of the firm

Post-Fordism: describes a shift from the mass production and rigid structures of Fordism (e.g., assembly lines) towards flexible production, global supply chains, and diverse consumer markets