Skripta2022_komplet

University Overview

• Institution: University "St. Cyril and Methodius" - Skopje

• Faculty: Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering

• Program: Multimedia Technologies

• Instructor: Dr. Mile Jovanov

Table of Contents

• 1. Application of Multimedia .......................................................................................... 5

  • 1.1. Definitions for Multimedia .................................. 5

  • 1.2. Evolution of Multimedia ................................................. 5

  • 1.3. Elements of Multimedia ................................................... 6

  • 1.3.1. Text ......................................................................................... 6

  • 1.3.2. Graphics ................................................................................ 7

  • 1.3.3. Animation ............................................................................. 7

  • 1.3.4. Sound ..................................................................................... 7

  • 1.3.5. Video ..................................................................................... 8

  • 1.4. Multimedia Systems ................................................................. 8

  • 1.5. Application of Multimedia .................................................. 8

  • 1.6. Workers in Multimedia Projects ......................................... 8

• 2. Multimedia Projects ............................................................................................. 10

  • 2.1. Planning and Designing Multimedia Applications ................ 10

  • 2.2. DDD-E Model ...................................................................... 10

  • 2.2.1. Decision Making ................................................................ 11

  • 2.2.2. Planning and Designing ............................................................... 11

  • 2.2.3. Development ................................................................... 14

• 3. Text ...................................................................................................................... 16

  • 3.1. The Power of Meaning ......................................................... 16

  • 3.2. Writing Standards ................................................................ 17

  • 3.2.1. Fonts ................................................................................. 17

  • 3.2.2. Styles .................................................................................. 18

  • 3.2.3. Readability .......................................................................... 18

  • 3.3. Text on Screen .................................................................................. 19

  • 3.4. Hypertext and Hyperlinks .................................................... 20

  • 3.5. Navigation ................................................................................ 20

  • 3.6. Text on the Internet ................................................................. 21

• 4. Video .................................................................................................................... 22

  • 4.1. Introduction and History .................................................. 22

  • 4.2. Video Standards ................................................................. 22

  • 4.2.1. Analog Standards .................................................... 22

  • 4.2.2. Digital Standards ................................................... 23

  • 4.3. Types of Video ................................................................. 23

  • 4.4. Digital Video ................................................................. 24

  • 4.4.1. Bit Rate ........................................................................... 24

  • 4.4.2. Video Editing .............................................................. 24

  • 4.4.3. Special Effects ............................................................. 24

  • 4.4.4. Digitizing Analog Video ...................................... 25

  • 4.4.5. Compression ................................................................. 25

  • 4.4.6. Frames Per Second ............................................................ 26

  • 4.5. Data Rate and Video Formats ......................................... 26

  • 4.6. Live and Internet Video ....................................................... 27

  • 4.7. Streaming Video .......................................................... 27

  • 4.8. Guidelines for Creating Video Projects ................................ 28

• 5. Graphics ............................................................................................................... 29

  • 5.1. Designing and Digitizing ....................................................... 29

  • 5.2. Colors ........................................................................................... 30

  • 5.3. Raster Graphics ............................................................... 32

  • 5.4. Vector Graphics ........................................................... 33

  • 5.5. Compression ......................................................................... 35

  • 5.6. Software for Raster Graphics .......................................... 36

  • 5.7. Software for Vector Graphics ........................................ 38

  • 5.8. Software for 3D and Image Editing ................................ 39

• 6. Animation ........................................................................................................... 41

  • 6.1. Definitions for Animation ............................................. 41

  • 6.2. History of Animation .......................................................... 42

  • 6.3. Traditional Animation Methods .......................................... 43

  • 6.3.1. Keyframes ............................................................................... 43

  • 6.3.2. Cell Animation .................................................................... 43

  • 6.3.3. Rotoscoping ........................................................................ 44

  • 6.4. Current Animation Methods ................................................ 45

  • 6.5. Steps in Animation Creation ................................................ 46

  • 6.6. Animation Quality Parameters .................................................. 47

  • 6.7. Computer Animation............................................................ 48

  • 6.7.1. Morphing ................................................................................ 49

  • 6.7.2. 3D Morphing ........................................................................ 49

  • 6.8. Rendering ............................................................................. 50

• 7. Interactivity and Virtual Reality ........................................................... 52

  • 7.1. Interactive Interfaces ................................................... 52

  • 7.2. Interactive Technologies ...................................................... 52

  • 7.3. Augmented Reality ........................................................ 55

  • 7.4. Mixed Reality .................................................................... 56

  • 7.5. Virtual Reality ............................................................... 56

  • 7.5.1. Features of Virtual Reality ......................................... 57

  • 7.5.2. Origins ............................................................................. 58

  • 7.5.3. Development .............................................................. 58

  • 7.5.4. Applications of Virtual Reality.................................... 61

  • 7.5.5. Simulation-based Virtual Reality .......................... 66

• 8. Sound .................................................................................................................. 79

  • 8.1. Physical Characteristics of Sound ................................. 79

  • 8.2. Use of Sound ........................................................................... 81

  • 8.3. Digital and Analog Sound........................................... 82

  • 8.3.1. Sound Quality ............................................................... 83

  • 8.4. Special Effects ................................................................. 83

  • 8.5. Sound Recording............................................................... 84

  • 8.6. Sound Conversion.............................................................. 85

  • 8.7. Sound Effects ......................................................................... 83

  • 8.8. MIDI ........................................................................................ 87

  • 8.9. Speech ............................................................ 88

  • 8.10. Synthesis ........................................ 89

  • 8.10.1. Text to Speech......................................... 89

  • 8.10.2. Speech to Text ............................................. 89

  • 8.11. Sound Compression ........... 89

  • 8.12. Sound File Formats ... 90

  • 8.13. Embedding Sound in Multimedia Applications ........ 91

• 9. Project Creation ......................................................................................... 95

  • 9.1. Development of Computer Systems .................................. 95

  • 9.2. Importance of Design ........................................................ 95

  • 9.3. Selection of Appropriate Design .................................... 96

  • 9.4. Design of User Interface .................................................. 96

  • 9.4.1. User Interface ............................................................... 96

  • 9.4.2. Appropriate User Interface .......................................... 97

  • 9.5. Appropriate Use of Multimedia ........................................ 98

  • 9.5.1. Audio Use ...................................................................... 98

  • 9.5.2. Graphic Use ................................................................... 98

  • 9.5.3. Video Use ...................................................................... 100

  • 9.6. Testing the Multimedia System ...................................... 100

  • 9.7. Cognitive User Interfaces ................................................... 101

  • 9.8. APE Model of Cognitive Systems .................................... 102

  • 9.9. Examples of Cognitive Systems ......................................... 102

  • 9.10. Cognitive Web Pages .............. 103

  • 9.11. Authorization ...................................................... 103

  • 9.12. Multimedia Architect ........................................... 104